QUESTION 1 Down-regulation may allow a target cell to a) increase its number of

Question

QUESTION 1
Down-regulation may allow a target cell to
a) increase its number of receptors for a ligand.
b) decrease its number of receptors for a ligand.
c) increase its binding affinity for a ligand.

QUESTION 2
Which is true of endocrine reflexes?
a) the endocrine cell acts as the sensor or receptor
b) the brain or spinal cord acts as the integrating center
c) the afferent sensory neuron is the afferent pathway
d) all of these

QUESTION 3
Cyclic AMP (cAMP), cGMP and DAG are all
a) hormones.
b) first messengers.
c) second messengers.
d) cytokines.

QUESTION 4
Proteins modified by calcium binding and phosphorylation control
a) motor proteins.
b) membrane transport and receptor proteins.
c) metabolic enzymes.
d) all of these

QUESTION 5
Diacylglycerol is produced from
a) protein kinase A.
b) cyclic AMP.
c) phospholipase C.
d) a G-protein.
e) phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate.

QUESTION 6
Humans have circadian rhythms for many body functions including
a) body temperature.
b) metabolic processes.
c) blood pressure.
d) all of these

QUESTION 7
Cytokines
a) are the same as hormones.
b) all of these
c) are secreted only by cells of the immune system.
d) can be transported through the blood to a distant site.

QUESTION 8
The binding of lipophilic messengers, such as steroid hormones, to their receptors triggers
a) adenyl cyclase activation.
b) G protein inhibition.
c) gene transcription.
d) cyclic nucleotide formation.
e) protein kinase activation.

QUESTION 9
Receptor molecules for chemical signaling are located
a) in the cytosol.
b) in the membrane.
c) in the nucleus.
D) all of these

QUESTION 10
The most important factor determining which type of receptor a signal molecule will bind to is
a) the lipid solubility of the ligand.
b) the size of the receptor molecule.
c) the size of the ligand.
d) the location of the receptor molecule.

QUESTION 11
The most significant difference between a paracrine and an autocrine is
a) the cell that responds to it.
b) the cell that releases it.
c) the method of transport.
d) the route of transport.
e) There are no differences?they are the same.

Explanation / Answer

1. Option (a) is correct answer. 2. Option (d) is correct answer. 3. Option (c) is correct answer. 4. Option (c) is correct answer. 5. Option (e) is correct answer. 6. Option (d) is correct answer. 7. Option (c) is correct answer. 8. Option (e) is correct answer. 9. Option (b) is correct answer. 10. Option (b) is correct answer. 11. Option (b) is correct answer.

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