1. Distinguish symptoms of alcohol-related substance use disorders and summarize
ID: 3489025 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Distinguish symptoms of alcohol-related substance use disorders and summarize the economic, personal, and societal cost of alcoholism in the United States.
2. Differentiate and evaluate the various models explaining alcohol dependence.
3. Analyze biological, psychological, sociological, familial and spiritual manifestations of alcohol dependency
4. Examine various evaluation instruments and their application to intervention, referral, placement, treatment approaches/techniques and after-care.
5. Evaluate how issues related to alcohol dependence apply to specific special populations (e.g. women, adolescents, college students, elderly, workplace, military, etc.)
Explanation / Answer
1) - alcohol abuse is one the most severe problem in all over the world, according to The world Health Organisation the term alcohol dependence syndrome- is a state of mind, psychic and physical which results from continous intake of alcohol which leads to different behavioural responses where person is in urge or complusion to take alcohol in order to avoid the uneasiness and anxiety due to its absence.
symptoms-
a) people who contionsly take large amount of alcohol get rely on it to do different tasks in daily life and during challenging situations
b) drinking eventually started interfering with their social, personal and work life and hinder their ability to think and act.
c)further excess of drinking leads to depression, violent behaviour, restlessness, lack of interest in different work, anxiety, stress, lost contact with family and friends and preoocupation with drinking.
alcohol dependence is one the major problem in United States, According to a study by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), (1992) it is estimated that there is economic cost of alcohol was 246 billion dollar. in 2003 22.6% americans above age of 12 reported binge drinking and 6.8% resportedheavy drinkers. according to study by National Comorbidity-Replication the lifetime prevalence rate of alcohol dependence is 13.4%. According to one study in (2001) 244,331 people come to hospital with emergency related to alcohol.
2) models
a) 12-step model - according to this model chemical dependency is the major problem. It is neither blaming nor punitive and it views seeking treatment as an appropriate response. E.M. Jellinek was one of the most influential contributors to the disease concept of alcoholism. according to jellinek alcoholism is a progressive disease in which several stages are there with the final stage is the one in which there is liver, nervous system and other physical damage. according to Twelve Steps, individuals are guided through a process of understanding the nature and extent of their alcohol dependence and how this dependence is acting as a barrier between him and for recovery, and the importance of relying on a power greater than themselves rather than willpower.
b) CBT - The Cognitive Behavioral Model tryto shift the focus of individuals l towards learning how their thoughts, feelings and behaviors related to drinking are connected, and how to break those connections.The counselor helps the person analyze his or her environment and ways of responding to cues to use alcohol , and establish new patterns of response to those cues. The Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Model is based on cognitive therapy which is a system of psychotherapy that attempts to reduce excessive emotional reactions and self-defeating behavior by modifying the faulty or erroneous thinking and maladaptive beliefs that underlie these reactions (Beck et al. 1993).
c) Social Model - The Social Model is also known as a bio-psycho social model and believes that alcohol problems are arising out from a lifetime socialization process. person in some particular social and cultural context or environment started using alcohol and latter that thing encourages excessive alcohol drinking . social model theorists believe that alcoholism is a disease, that is caused due to many factors: contributing to it like spiritual, biological, psychological, and environmental. according to this model various environmental factors like poverty, peer pressure, family problems etc work as strong forces that lead to use of alcohol.
3) biological- person with excess amount of drinking leads to major effect on health. Changes to the brain's cerebral cortex is linked with decrease in decision-making behavior. so chances are high that you will take a drink, or have difficulty resisting the urge to drink. The brain's reward system is responsible for alcohol dependence. as a human we like to repeat behaviors that are pleasurable in nature. Alcohol's effect on the brain's hypothalamus creates problems with stress regulation. People often started drinking in order to relieve some stress but later due to dependence withdrawal from alcohol is itself become stressful.
psychological) - psychological cause of addiction is people's thoughts and beliefs. This is because much of our behavior originates from our thoughts and beliefs. This includes addictive behaviors. another psychological cause of addiction is a person's developmental maturity. The capacity to align our actions with our beliefs and values is what separates mature human beings, from immature ones. If we routinely act without thinking, and instead act according to every craving, we are operating at the developmental level of a two year-old child. Addiction for alcoholism can occur because someone lacking this developmental maturity.
social and familial - person with alcohol dependence seems to loss contact with society and family, all the actions are taken in order to attain the goal of drinking and mostly all the behaviors are self centered and lack empathy for others. in order to take their drink they can act violent and often go into stress when don't get it
4) treatment of person with alcohol dependence problem is often very difficult since the person believes that they do not have any problem and refuse to take medication and it is hard to get them admit in hospital. DiClemente (1993) refer to alcohol dependence as "disease of denial." many different approaches are used to treat drinking problems since the problems are often very complex. sometimes use of medications is done in which various medicines are used in order to reduce cravings and to treat mental heath related problems arising due to it. medicines like Disulfiram and Naltrexone are used to stop the desires and feelings related to drinking. these drugs causes nausea and vomiting.
Psychological treatment- after the detoxification there comes psychological treatment in which many things including family counseling, group therapy, behavior therapy, cognitive behavior therapy etc are used. self help groups is another important thing when we talk about alcohol dependence. environment intervention is also very important since there are many environmental factors which had initially leads to start of alcohol abuse and different measures are required to alleviate these aversive life situations.
alcoholics anonymous- this was started by Dr Bob and Bill in 1935 in Akron, Ohio. this technique is work same as like self help counseling program in which both person to person and group relationships are considered. it uses only first name in order to ensure anonymity. in this technique meetings are organized and they consist with person problem related to alcohol. according to this approach a person is an alcoholic for life whether he is drinking or not, one is never cured, they are always in recovery.
5) the issue of is very important and it is affecting different population like students, women military etc since today people are living in an era where stress is dominating every aspect of life and in order to get free from stress related situation person often start drinking which give release from stress for some amount of time since it acts on hypothalamus but ultimately leads to alcohol dependence
Related Questions
Navigate
Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.