1. Unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy for their clients cha
ID: 3486882 • Letter: 1
Question
1.
Unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy for their clients characterize the approach of those who practice ________ therapy.
a.
rational-emotive
b.
client-centered
c.
social-learning
d.
behavior
2.
Which of the following points does your author note is a particularly urgent concern with regard to the provision or receipt of Internet therapy?
a.
The qualifications of the "therapist."
b.
Protecting the confidentiality of the client.
c.
Getting a computer virus.
d.
Having the treatment result in new, unexpected symptoms.
3.
Long-term use of antipsychotic drugs can cause tardive dyskinesia, a condition in which the dominant symptom is
a.
loss of bladder control.
b.
loss of hair.
c.
a reduction in the production of white blood cells.
d.
disturbance of motor control.
4.
Valium and Xanax, which are classified as benzodiazepines, are useful in the treatment of ________ and work by ________ levels of the neurotransmitter GABA.
a.
generalized anxiety disorders; increasing
b.
panic disorders; decreasing
c.
schizophrenia; increasing
d.
mood disorders; decreasing
5.
The two categories of phobias defined by the DSM-IV-TR are
a.
voluntary and involuntary.
b.
real and imagined.
c.
social and specific.
d.
global and natural.
6.
Psychological therapies are practiced by
a.
just clinical psychologists.
b.
just psychiatrists.
c.
both clinical psychologists and psychiatrists.
d.
neither clinical psychologists nor psychiatrists.
7.
Tricyclic drugs, SSRIs, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors are most frequently used in the treatment of
a.
psychotic symptoms.
b.
sexual dysfunctions.
c.
anxiety.
d.
depression.
8.
A behavior therapist would be LEAST likely to use
a.
systematic desensitization.
b.
relaxation training.
c.
flooding.
d.
free association.
9.
Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to be an example of faulty thinking?
a.
I must do what people tell me to do.
b.
If I do what people want, I will be popular.
c.
I will feel good if I succeed at this task.
d.
If I'm not perfect, I'm a failure.
10.
"The primary goal of my therapy is to promote healthy psychological growth in the individual." The person most likely to have made this statement is
a.
Carl Rogers.
b.
Sigmund Freud.
c.
Albert Bandura.
d.
B.F. Skinner.
11.
In many ways it is more difficult to make a psychological diagnosis than a medical one, because
a.
psychological diagnoses rely on interpretations of a person's action, whereas medical diagnoses rely on physical evidence.
b.
those who make psychological diagnoses are not as well trained as those who make medical diagnoses.
c.
those who make psychological diagnoses are not as familiar with the symptoms of mental illness as those in the medical profession.
d.
of the greater number of psychological illnesses when compared to medical illnesses.
12.
A friend's grandmother is about to undergo electroconvulsive therapy. He is worried about what will happen to his grandmother, so he asks you what side effects can be expected. You should tell your friend that his grandmother will
a.
be aware of everything that happens during the treatment.
b.
show major deficits in functioning
c.
probably demonstrate a major speech impairment.
d.
likely experience temporary disorientation and some memory problems.
13.
A patient lies comfortably relaxed on a couch while verbally reporting his thoughts, feelings, sensations, and other mental events. The patient is engaged in what Freud calls
a.
transference.
b.
free association.
c.
resistance.
d.
dream work.
14.
The "talking cure," in which people are helped to develop insightful connections between symptoms and unresolved hidden conflicts, is most closely associated with the ________ approach to psychotherapy.
a.
cognitive
b.
psychodynamic
c.
humanistic
d.
behavioral
15.
A family therapist is most likely to focus attention on the
a.
cognitions of the most maladjusted individuals in the family.
b.
behaviors of the most maladjusted individuals in the family.
c.
family member who seems to be the strongest.
d.
whole family system.
16.
Obsessions involve ________; compulsions involve ________.
a.
fears; phobias
b.
phobias; fears
c.
thoughts; actions
d.
actions; thoughts
17.
A researcher believes that if a new form of therapy works, it works only because the patient expects it to work. In psychology, this phenomenon is referred to as
a.
the spontaneous-remission effect.
b.
placebo therapy.
c.
clinical ecology.
d.
behavioral reversal.
18.
The primary tasks or general goals of the therapeutic process include all of the following EXCEPT that of
a.
making a diagnosis about the type of problem involved.
b.
comparing the cost effectiveness of various treatment possibilities.
c.
proposing a probable etiology for the condition in question.
d.
making a prognosis, or an estimate, of the course the problem will take with and without treatment.
19.
All of the following disorders belong together, EXCEPT for which one?
a.
panic disorder
b.
dissociative identity disorder
c.
phobic disorder
d.
obsessive-compulsive disorder
20.
On the basis of the research on antipsychotic drugs, it would be most reasonable to conclude that they
a.
cure the psychopathology underlying schizophrenia.
b.
eliminate the possibility of a relapse in patients who stop to take them.
c.
are effective at controlling the most disruptive symptoms of schizophrenia.
d.
control only minor symptoms associated with schizophrenia.
21.
Which of the following items is out of place?
a.
"shoulds," "oughts," and "musts"
b.
rational-emotive therapy
c.
Albert Bandura
d.
Albert Ellis
22.
A therapist is helping a client to restructure the way she thinks and to alter her distorted self-statements. It sounds as though this therapist is using ________ therapy.
a.
biomedical
b.
humanistic
c.
psychodynamic
d.
cognitive
23.
As a group, behavior therapies give primary importance to
a.
thoughts and inner drives.
b.
desires, motivation, interests, and will.
c.
the self, and those objects that enhance the development of the self.
d.
learning and observable actions.
24.
The number of patients in mental hospitals in the United States has decreased since the 1950s primarily as a result of
a.
psychosurgery.
b.
improvement in psychotherapeutic techniques.
c.
drug therapies.
d.
electroconvulsive therapy.
25.
Which view of psychopathology places the most emphasis on the role of the culture in the diagnosis and etiology of abnormal behavior?
a.
sociocultural
b.
cognitive
c.
biological
d.
psychodynamic
26.
The DSM-IV-TR contains ________ axes or dimensions, one of which classifies information based on ________.
a.
two; extraversion
b.
seven; genetic susceptibility
c.
five; general medical conditions
d.
four; self-concept
27.
It is the view of psychiatrist Thomas Szasz that mental illness is
a.
a myth and does not exist.
b.
best treated by using medical means.
c.
caused by overwhelming stress in people's lives.
d.
a major social problem that must be addressed.
28.
A man who is very overweight is trying to cut down on the amount of food that he eats. He wears a thick rubber band on his wrist and whenever he finds himself in the kitchen, he snaps the rubber band, causing a sharp pain. The man is using a technique that has a strong similarity to
a.
systematic desensitization.
b.
flooding.
c.
self-injurious therapy.
d.
aversion therapy.
29.
A type of therapy developed by Fritz Perls that attempts to make a person whole by expressing pent-up feelings and dealing with unfinished business from past conflicts is called ________ therapy.
a.
Gestalt
b.
group
c.
individual
d.
client-centered
30.
Phobias differ from fears in that phobias
a.
are less likely to cause distress.
b.
do not interfere with one's behavior.
c.
are not tied to a specific stimulus or situation.
d.
are excessive and unreasonable.
31.
Which of the following problems would be LEAST likely to be treated with aversion therapy?
a.
drug addiction
b.
alcoholism
c.
male erectile disorder
d.
smoking behavior
32.
A therapist concentrates on changing the behaviors that people have learned. He also deals with what his clients say are their thoughts and values, and their interpretations of events. Based on this description, this kind of therapy does NOT seem to contain elements that would characterize it as
a.
biomedical.
b.
humanistic.
c.
cognitive.
d.
behavioral.
33.
A relative confides in you that she has recently been diagnosed as suffering from periods of depression alternating with states of mania. Your relative probably has a type of
a.
mood disorder.
b.
personality disorder.
c.
dissociative disorder.
d.
schizophrenia.
34.
Suppose a friend of yours is afraid of snakes. On the basis of the research discussed in the textbook, if you had to counsel your friend as to the most effective strategy for eliminating his fear, you should suggest
a.
participant modeling.
b.
symbolic modeling.
c.
desensitization.
d.
psychoanalysis.
35.
Compared to followers of traditional Freudian psychoanalysis, modern psychodynamic therapists place more emphasis on
a.
the conflict between id and superego.
b.
childhood experiences.
c.
the patient's current social environment.
d.
biological instincts and selfish concerns.
36.
Lithium salts have proven fairly effective in the treatment of
a.
bipolar disorders.
b.
positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
c.
anxiety.
d.
high blood pressure.
37.
The DSM-IV-TR is the most recent
a.
version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
b.
version of the classification scheme as propagated by Kraepelin.
c.
version of the ICD.
d.
classification of psychoses and psychoneuroses.
38.
Which type of mental health professional has been trained to consider the social contexts of people's problems and is most likely to become acquainted with clients' homes or work settings?
a.
clinical psychologist
b.
clinical social worker
c.
psychiatrist
d.
psychoanalyst
39.
Cognitive therapy is to behavior therapy as
a.
outside is to inside.
b.
leader is to follower.
c.
moods are to feelings.
d.
thoughts are to actions.
40.
Because a central goal of the therapist is to help the patient understand the relationships between present symptoms and repressed conflicts, psychodynamic therapy is often called
a.
reconstructive therapy.
b.
catharsis.
c.
transference.
d.
insight therapy.
41.
A boy's therapist has suggested that one way to overcome his strong fear of dogs is to watch others who are comfortable interacting with dogs. The therapist is most likely a practitioner of
a.
psychoanalysis.
b.
behavioral therapy.
c.
social-learning therapy.
d.
aversion therapy.
42.
Developed by Sigmund Freud, this therapeutic technique is used for the exploration of unconscious motivations and conflicts. What is it?
a.
implosion therapy
b.
behavior therapy
c.
psychoanalysis
d.
contingency management
43.
A person has hallucinations, "hearing" things that no one else can hear. With respect to the criteria that might be used to label behavior as "abnormal," this individual would be meet the criterion of
a.
personal distress or disability.
b.
irrationality.
c.
violation of moral and ideal standards.
d.
maladaptiveness.
44.
If you were a clinician working in the field of psychological disorders in the United States, one of your primary reference tools would be the
a.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
b.
Psychological Diagnosis Reference Profiles.
c.
Classification and Listings of Psychiatric Maladies.
d.
ABCs of Mental Disabilities.
45.
Students at a university are encouraged to take workshops that offer relaxation training so that they can better deal with test anxiety before it develops. This is an example of what is known as ________ prevention.
a.
pseudo
b.
primary
c.
secondary
d.
tertiary
46.
Electroconvulsive therapy has proven extremely successful at alleviating the symptoms associated with
a.
serious depression.
b.
obsessive-compulsive behavior.
c.
anxiety disorders.
d.
all forms of mental disorders.
47.
A boy is afraid of spiders of all sizes. His therapist asks him to develop a list of the situations in which spiders create anxiety for him, from the least to the most threatening. Next, he is taught how to relax and let go of tension. Finally, while relaxed, he is asked to imagine the least threatening situation on the list. The procedure used by the boy's therapist is called
a.
participant modeling.
b.
flooding.
c.
systematic desensitization.
d.
aversion therapy.
48.
A husband and wife are experiencing marital difficulties. If they go to couple therapy, the emphasis of their work will probably focus on their
a.
unsatisfying sexual practices.
b.
poor communication patterns.
c.
differences in ethical and moral values.
d.
severe psychopathology.
49.
A psychoanalyst has noticed that whenever a patient begins talking about his father, he has very little to say or he will quickly change the topic. When his father finally is discussed, the patient claims that his father is irrelevant. The therapist is most likely to interpret the patient's behavior as an instance of
a.
catharsis.
b.
resistance.
c.
transference.
d.
countertransference.
50.
When a friend speaks in front of a group, she becomes anxious and nauseated. When asked why she feels this way, she says that she is afraid to embarrass herself in front of others. The approach that best explains your friend's responses in this situation is the ________ approach.
a.
psychodynamic
b.
psychopathological
c.
cognitive
d.
sociocultural
51.
Which of the following statements best illustrates the concept of self-efficacy?
a.
I can do this well.
b.
I did what I wanted to.
c.
The therapist does not act fearful.
d.
I know I am going to have trouble.
52.
"There is no question that what we call psychopathology is caused by unconscious conflicts that trigger anxiety and malfunctioning." The person who is most likely to agree with this statement probably classifies herself as an adherent of the ________ approach to psychopathology.
a.
biological
b.
psychodynamic
c.
behavioral
d.
sociocultural
53.
"Comorbidity" refers to
a.
a disorder that is characterized by a fascination with death.
b.
the existence of more than one disorder in a person at the same time.
c.
a form of multiple personality disorder that is sometimes confused with schizophrenia.
d.
a disorder that is characterized by excessive, deep-sleep patterns.
54.
While a woman does not consider herself seriously disturbed, she feels the need to resolve some interpersonal problems in order to live a healthier life. Her therapist encourages her to allow herself to become a better person and to use personal freedom to choose the path of her own life. It sounds as though this therapist believes in
a.
the psychodynamic approach.
b.
behavior therapy.
c.
cognitive therapy.
d.
the humanistic tradition.
55.
The major goal of research on disorders that are already included in the DSM or are being considered for inclusion in the DSM is to
a.
find cures for the disorders.
b.
provide the most valid possible diagnoses.
c.
gather enough evidence that the disorder does not have to be studied any further.
d.
decrease the number of disorders included in the DSM.
1.
Unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy for their clients characterize the approach of those who practice ________ therapy.
a.
rational-emotive
b.
client-centered
c.
social-learning
d.
behavior
Explanation / Answer
1) Correct Answer - B
The client centered therapy is based on the work of Carl Rogers, who belonged to the humanistic school of psychology. The defining qualities of client centered therapy are establishing a healthy relationship with client and being genuine with them. In addition, unconditional positive regard and empathy are exercised in client centered therapy.
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