#5 please. detailed in a paragraph What are the general characteristics of attac

Question

#5 please. detailed in a paragraph

What are the general characteristics of attachment? What three problematic styles of attachment have been described and what implications do these styles have for future psychopathology 4) 5) What are the two attachment disorders described in DSM-5? How are they differentiated in 6) What are the primary DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for CD and ODD? What is the difference 7) What effective treatments are available for 8) Individuals with autism disorder have difficulty in three separate areas. What are those areas, 9) What are the primary developmental, genetic and environmental factors related to autism? terms of diagnostic criteria, and what treatments are available for them? between them? parents in these treatments? and what specific types of difficulty do these individuals encounter in each area? individuals with CD and ODD? What is the role for 10) What are the five major stages of treatment for autism spectrum disorder in the Lovaas treatment program? These auestions have been selected from Chapter 5: Disorders of Childhood from vour text.

Explanation / Answer

4)General Characteristics of Attachment include:

1)Safe Haven

2)Secure Base

3)Proximity maintenance

4)Separation Distress

The three problematic styles of Attachment are as follows:

1) Secure Attachment Style

2)Ambivalent/Resistant Attachment Style

3)Avoidant Attachment Style

Implications for future Psychopathology

A securely attached individual has a positive outlook on themselves. They find others helpful and view themselves as worthy of respect.

The avoidant individual thinks themselves as unworthy and unacceptable. It's due to rejection by caregivers.

An ambivalent attached individual have a negative self-image and exaggerate their emotional responses as a way to gain attention.

There is a risk factor for a development of Psychopathology considering environmental influences and other factors like poverty.parents psychopathology and abuse. This may lead to emotional and behavioral problems.

5) The two attachment disorders described in DSM- 5 are as follows:

> Separation Anxiety

> Reactive Attachment Disorder

6) Diagnostic Criteria for Conduct Disorder

a.A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated, as mentioned by the presence of at least 3 of the Dsm5 subcategories of aggression to people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, serious violations of rules

b.The disturbance in behavior causes clinically significant impairment in social, academic or occupational functioning.

c.If the individual is above 18 years old then criteria are not met for Antisocial personality Disorder

Diagnostic criteria for Oppositional Defiant Disorder

a.According to Dsm-5 A pattern of Angry/Irritable mood, Argumentative/Defiant Behavior, Vindictiveness lasting at least 6 months as evidenced by at least 4 symptoms for the characteristics mentioned in the Dsm-5 and exhibited during interaction with at least one individual who is not a sibling.  

b.The disturbance in behavior is associated with distress in the individual or others in his or her immediate social context, or it impacts negatively on social, educational, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

c. The behaviors do not occur exclusively during the course of a psychotic, substance abuse, depressive or bipolar disorder. Also, the criteria are not met for disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.

7) Treatment is tailored to the needs of the child's behavioral and emotional symptoms. Individual therapy and Family therapy, Cognitive problem-solving skills, Social skills training and medication can be effective in both.

Parents can opt for parents management training programs where they teach how to manage the child's behavior. Positive reinforcement and support can be very effective in the role of treatment.

8) Individuals with Autism experience difficulties in following 3 areas

I. Impaired Social Interaction

II. Verbal and non-verbal communication

III. Restricted and Repetitive behavior

9) Autism is a result of complex gene-environment interactions with strong and genetic influences.A primary genetic factor is a heritability. Environmental influences include prenatal and postnatal risk factors, socioeconomic status, parental age, maternal health.

10) Lovaas treatment program is an early intensive behavioral intervention. It includes incidental and discrete trial teaching.

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