Which of the following mechanisms underlies alcohol-induced dementia (blackouts)

Question

Which of the following mechanisms underlies alcohol-induced dementia (blackouts)?

a. GABAA receptor down-regulation

b. Glutamate receptor antagonism

c. Dopamine receptor antagonism

d. Both a and b, but not c

e. All of the above

41. Which of the following is a symptom associated with severe alcohol withdrawal (i.e., delirium tremors)?

a. Agitation/irritability

b. Convulsions

c. Delusions/hallucinations

d. Tachycardia (rapid heart rate)

e. All of the above

42. Which of the following is a pharmacotherapy for assisting in ethanol detoxification?

a. Benzodiazepines

b. Anticonvulsant-mood stabilizers

c. Beta blockers

d. Baclofen

e. All of the above

43. Which of the following are involved in the expression of long-term potentiation?

a. Insertion of AMPA receptors into the presynaptic membrane

b. Phosphorylation of existing AMPA receptors

c. Activation of calcium/calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII)

d. Both a and b, but not c e. All of the above

44. Which of the following is a pharmacotherapy for assisting in ethanol relapse prevention?

a. Antabuse

b. Acamprosate

c. Naltrexone

d. SSRIs

e. All of the above

45. Which of the following theories/models of addiction focuses on changes in hedonic set point?

a. Gateway hypothesis

b. Continuum theory

c. Opponent-process model

d. Incentive-sensitization model

e. None of the above

Explanation / Answer

41. All the symptoms are involved in Alcohol withdrawal syndrome. The symptoms involve disturbances in neurotransmitter circuits and are implicated in alcohol pathway and reflect a homeostatic readjustment of the central nervous system.

42. Benzodiazepines are used for alcohol detoxification in a new patient. They decrease the likelihood of withdrawal seizures and episodes of delirium tremens.

43. both a and b

44. acamprosate and naltrexone effective for reducing alcohol use.

45.Incentive sensitization model

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