Which of the following theories/models of addiction postulates that positive rei
ID: 3484986 • Letter: W
Question
Which of the following theories/models of addiction postulates that positive reinforcement drives drug use in non-dependent individuals (impulsive use), whereas negative reinforcement drives drug use in dependent individuals (compulsive use)?
a. Positive reinforcement model
b. Physical dependence model
c. Incentive-sensitization model
d. Opponent-process model
e. Continuum theory
47. Which of the following treatments for alcohol use disorder blocks acetaldehyde dehydrogenase leading to flushing, nausea, headache and increased heart rate?
a. Propranolol
b. Antabuse
c. Benzodiazepines
d. Gabapentin
e. None of the above
48. Which of the following are phases of the cocaine abstinence syndrome?
a. Crash
b. Withdrawal
c. Extinction
d. All of the above
e. None of the above: there is no withdrawal from cocaine
49. Which of the following reuptake transporters does MDMA (ecstasy) affect?
a. DAT
b. NET
c. SERT
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
50. What percentage of people that initially try cocaine become abusers/addicts?
a. 5-10%
b. 10-15%
c. 15-20%
d. 20-25%
e. 25-30%
Explanation / Answer
Which of the following theories/models of addiction postulates that positive reinforcement drives drug use in non-dependent individuals (impulsive use), whereas negative reinforcement drives drug use in dependent individuals (compulsive use)?
a. Positive reinforcement model
b. Physical dependence model
c. Incentive-sensitization model
d. Opponent-process model
e. Continuum theory
The opponent process model theory states that in the initial phases, a person becomes addicted to the pleasurable effects of drug. However, over time, the drug's pleasurable effects will decrease and the person gets no pleasure from taking the drug. Here, the withdrawal response takes over and there is continuity in drug intake to avoid those symptoms.
Which of the following treatments for alcohol use disorder blocks acetaldehyde dehydrogenase leading to flushing, nausea, headache and increased heart rate?
a. Propranolol
b. Antabuse
c. Benzodiazepines
d. Gabapentin
e. None of the above
Antabuse, is a drug used for alcohol aversion therapy. This drug inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase and is characterized by facial flushing, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia and hypotension.
Which of the following are phases of the cocaine abstinence syndrome?
a. Crash
b. Withdrawal
c. Extinction
d. All of the above
e. None of the above: there is no withdrawal from cocaine
Withdrawal is the phase that is experienced during abstinence from cocaine intake.
Which of the following reuptake transporters does MDMA (ecstasy) affect?
a. DAT
b. NET
c. SERT
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
MDMA is a monoamine transporter substrate, that is, a substrate for DAT, NET, and SERT).
Kindly post the other questions separetly, as we are supposed to answer only 4 interrelated questions.
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