8) Classical conditioning applies mostly to Operant conditioning applies mainly

Question

8) Classical conditioning applies mostly to Operant conditioning applies mainly to -a. Biological responses; voluntary responses b. Involuntary responses; involuted responses c. Biological responses; normative responses d. Involuntary responses; reflex responses Responses that lead to satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated. This is Thorndike's Law of 9) Consequences b Effect c. Reward d. Nomesthetics 10) The process by which a stimulus increases the likelihood that a preceding behavior will be repeated is called: a. Habituation -6 Reinforcement c. Analysis d. Failing 11) Dr. DiFalco notices several students nodding in agreement as she lectures. Subsequently, her rhetoric becomes more confident and more passionate. The students have provided her with a. Positive reinforcement b. Secondary reinforcement c. Conditioned reinforcement d. No reinforcement 12) weakens a response through the application of an unpleasant stimulus. a. b. Negative reinforcement Negative punishment Positive punishment Normative reinforcement 13) Mrs. Martin is teaching cursive writing. At first, she reinforces even crude attempts to reproduce letters with an encouraging word; as time goes on, she reinforces only well- formed letters. By reinforcing progressively better attempts at writing letters, Mrs. Martin is using: a. Shaping b. Discrimination training c. Stimulus control training d. Behavior elimination

Explanation / Answer

8. Classical condtioning applies to involuntary or reflex responses and Operant conditioning applies to voluntary responses.

9. Throndikes law of effect

11.Positive reinforcement because nodding is a favourable outcome of her lecture so she becomes more confident and repeats the behaviour and teaches more passionately.

12.Negative punishment. For example, mixing a nausea producing drug in alchohol will help the alcholic person to eventually drinking it

13. Shaping. It is also known as successive approximation that involves reinforcing behaviours that are closer to the target behaviour evenutally leading students to write letters in a cursive form in this case.

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