all T-Mobile 1:11 PM * 59% × KIN 320-Exam 4-Study Guide-2015 . Understand how ca
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all T-Mobile 1:11 PM * 59% × KIN 320-Exam 4-Study Guide-2015 . Understand how cardiac hypertrophy results from nt endurance training and/or strength training. 2. Understand how and why blood volume increases with consistent endurance training. How fast does this increase? 3. Be able to explain hemodilution and sports pseudoanemia . What happens within the autonomic nervous system following consistent endurance training? s. Understand the resting structural and functional changes that occur in the heart after consistent endurance training.Explanation / Answer
Cardiac hypertrophy can be defined as an abnormal increase in the mass of the heart muscle, characteristically different from normal embryonic or postnatal myocardial growth, in terms of cardiac myocyte shape and volume. This increase in the muscle mass usually occurs in response to the change in functional load of heart, as a measure to compensate for the increase in ventricular wall stress. This hypertrophy can be either pathological or physiological.
Endurance training can be defined as the form of aerobic exercise that increases endurance, such as running, walking, swimming etc. Strength training can be defined as the form of physical exercise that uses resistance to build strength, anaerobic endurance and skeletal muscle size, such as lifting weights. Both of these forms of exercise increase functional load of heart resulting in two different kinds of hypertrophy.
Endurance training reduces vascular resistance, thus, increasing cardiac flow at normal pressure. This leads to volume overload of heart. It is compensated by increase in both the internal diameter of the ventricular chamber and the wall by addition of new sarcomeres in series of the existing ones. This process is called Eccentric Hypertrophy.
Strength training, on the other hand, increases the vascular resistance and hence, creates a pressure overload on heart. This is compensated by thickening of the ventricular walls by addition of new sarcomeres paralled to the existing ones. Even though, this mechanism provides the strength to the heart wall without any overall change in the size of heart, it reduces the capacity largely. This process is called Concentric Hypertrophy.
Either way, the processes are usually reversible, i.e the heart may return to its original size eventually. Also, it is known to maintain or relatively enhance the cardiac function.
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