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entiport system on the brush borders (apical microvilli) of the pet e in both di

ID: 3483481 • Letter: E

Question

entiport system on the brush borders (apical microvilli) of the pet e in both direct CO, from the fluid back imo fluid. into the tubule cets D) exchanges H for 38. The sense of thirst is satiated by alll of the following mechanisms, but the one with the longest-lasting effect is A) cooling of the mouth. B) stretching of the stomach by ingested water C) a drop in blood osmolarity D) moistening of the mouth. 5s. tihe to alimount of fluid entering the capsular spaces of allthe nephrons in a gaiven 39. The total time is called A) the rate of tubular secretion. B) the rate of tubular reabsorption. C) the glomerular filtration rate. D) the net filtration pressure. E) the renal clearance. ich of the following conditions is likely to produce the highest daily output of s the urine? hypertension ) a high level of aldosterone C) a low level of atrial natriuretic factor D) a high level of estrogen E) a low level of progesterone 41. Which of the following enzymes functions at the lowest pH? A) salivary amylase B) pancreatic amylase pepsin trypsin E) Dipeptidase 42. Which of the following is not one of the formed elements of blood? A) erythrocytes B) platelets C) antibodies D) eosinophils E) lymphocytes

Explanation / Answer

37. A. The proximal tubule regulates the pH of the filtrate by exchanging hydrogen ions in the interstitium for bicarbonate ions in the filtrate; it is also responsible for secreting organic acids, such as creatinine and other bases, into the filtrate.

38. D. The sense of thirst is satiated by all above mechanisms but the long lasting effect is moistening the mouth

39. C

40. A. In hypertension the volume of blood increases and the filtration produces higher urine output and also drugs like diuretics given in case of hypertension also increases the urine output

41. C. Pepsin is released in the stomach and functions at highly acidic ph 1.5 to 2 on on the other hand trypsin isreleased in intestine and functions at basic ph of 7.5

42. C antibodies are not the formed elements of blood.

43. D. The renal clearance os calculated using the formula c=u×v/Pa. Where u=solute in urine per ml , v=volume of urine per min , Pa=solute in arterial plasma

44. C. Hypokalemia is the deficiency ofpotassium in blood

45. A

46 . A as fluid flows from high pressure to the lower

47. E. Absence of p wave suggests the fine atrial fibrillation and sinoatrial arrest

48.B. Resistance offered by any fluid to flow is called its viscosity . Higher the viscosity higher is the resistance to the flow.