Describe the anatomy (reproductive and brain), hormones, & neurotransmitters inv

Question

Describe the anatomy (reproductive and brain), hormones, & neurotransmitters involved with an orgasm and erection.

Describe or diagram the common hormonal control pathway that governs reproductive function in both males and females. Include the feedback pathways on this diagram (we are focusing on humans).

Describe or diagram the process of spermatogenesis and explain the timeline on which this occurs. Identify anatomical structures and the roles of hormones involved.

Describe or diagram oogenesis and explain the timeline on which this occurs.

Describe or diagram the menstrual cycle and its complex hormonal control patterns.

Explanation / Answer

The question seems to deal with Male reproduction sytstem because it says "orgasm and erection". And erection is part of male reproduction system.

The male genital system consists of external and internal reproductive and sexual organs such as the penile, prostate, epididymis, and testes.

The penile erection results from neurovascular mechanisms. Several central and peripheral neurological factors in addition to molecular, vascular, psychological and endocrino-logical factors are involved. The balance between these factors is what eventually determines the functionality of the penis.

Cerebrally controlled penile erections are induced through erotic visual stimuli or thoughts. The main cerebral structures involved in erection are contained within the medial preoptic area (MPOA) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in the hypothalamus. Dopamine is the most important brain neurotransmitter for erection, likely through its stimulation of oxytocin release. Another important neurotransmitter is norepinephrine, which is demonstrated through the erectogenic effect of the -2 agonist (Yohimbine) Several other brain neurotransmitters are involved in the erection process to varying degrees such as nitric oxide (NO), -melanocyte stimulating hormone (-MSH), and opioid peptides

Parasympathetic stimulation is the main mediator for penile tumescence, although central suppression of the sympathetic nervous system also plays a role. Parasympathetic supply to the male organ is derived from the sacral segments S2-S4.

ORGASM:

There is no standard and standard definition of orgasm. Each specialty such as endocrinology or psychology examines this activity from each one’s perspective, making it difficult to reach a consensus on the definition. Orgasm is generally associated with ejaculation, although the two processes are physiologically different.

Ejaculation is a physiological process heavily controlled by the autonomic nervous system. It consists of two main phases: emission and expulsion. The main organs involved in ejaculation are the distal epididymis, the vas deferens, the seminal vesicle, the prostate, the prostatic urethra, and the bladder neck

The organs involved in the ejaculation process receive dense autonomic nerve supply, both sympathetic and parasympathetic, from the pelvic plexus. The pelvic plexus is located retroperitoneally on either side of the rectum, lateral and posterior to the seminal vesicle. It receives neuronal input from the hypogastric and pelvic nerves in addition to the caudal paravertebral sympathetic chain. The sympathetic neurons play the predominant role in the ejaculation process. Their nerve terminals secrete primarily norepinephrine, although other neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and nonadrenergic/noncholinergic also play important roles

Brain network

Sensory and motor areas in the brain play an important role in the ejaculation, which requires a highly coordinated and integrated central process.

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