Of all of the physiological systems discussed this semester, which one do you fe
ID: 3482472 • Letter: O
Question
Of all of the physiological systems discussed this semester, which one do you feel is the most important, and why? Provide clear examples to support your claim, including physiological links between your chosen system and its relationship to at least three other physiological systems in the body. Remember this is worth 50 points and I expect your essay to be thorough, well organized and clearly written, with a clear demonstration of your knowledge of humjan physiology Sec1 Pages:1 of 1 Words: 148 of 149 80% mmm MacBook ProExplanation / Answer
Among the other physiological systems, I felt the nervous system is most important system in our body because it controls and regulates all the other systems in the body. Without nervous system, nothing in our body would be of any use to us. It is obviously controls and regulates the other most important system in our body especially muscular system, endocrine system, and digestive system.
The nervous system consists of central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. The central nervous again subclasified as brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system subclasified as 31 pairs of spinal nerves, 12 pair of cranial nerves; and autonomic part which includes sympathetic and parasymphathetic systems.
The brain has cerebrum which has two cerebral hemisphere, each hemisphere divided into four lobes includes frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital. The cerebrum associated with mental activities involved in memory, intelligence, sense of responsibility, thinking, reasoning, moral sense and learning. Sensory perception includes pain, temperature, touch, sight, hearing, taste, and smell. The important part is motor cortex, which is responsible for day to day locomotive activities otherwise we never move one place to another. It initiates and control of voluntary muscle contraction. Deep within the cerebral hemispheres there are groups of nerve cells called nuclei or ganglia which act as as relay stations where impulses are passed from one neuron to the next in a chain. The main subcortical grey matter includes Basal ganglia, Thala music, and hypothalamus. The basal is thought to influence skeletal muscle tone which responsible for smooth and coordination,otherwise the movements become Jerry, clumsy, and uncoordinated. The Thalamus is responsible for input of sensory from the skin, viscera, and special sense organs are transmitted into the Thalamus before redistribution to the cerebrum. The hypothalamus is linked to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland by nerve fibers and to the anterior lobe by a complex system of blood vessels. The hypothalamus controls the output of harmones from both lobes of the gland. It also concerns to control of the autonomic nervous system, e.g., control of hunger, thirst, body temperature, heart and blood vessels and defensive reactions (fear & rage). The brain stem has three parts, named 1-Midbrain, Pons and medulla Oblongata. The brainstem has several functions where all the cranial nerve nuclei presented. The cardiac and respiratory center in the brainstem which regulates the hear and lungs. The cerebellum is concerned with balance, equilibrium and coordination. The reticular formation is a collection of neurons in the core of the brain stem which concerns with the coordination of skeletal muscle activity, autonomic nervous system (cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal activity), and selective awareness that functions through the reticular activating system (RAS) which selectively blocks or passes sensory information to the cerebral cortex. The spinal cord extend from medulla Oblongata to the first Lumbar vertebra. The spinal cord contains several sensory and motor tracts, and thus form a link between the brain and the rest of the body. The 31pairs of spinal nerve which contains sensory fibers which carries the information from the sensory receptors (pain, temperature, touch, proprioception,) and motor fires which carries the information from brain to the target organ (skeletal muscles). The 12 pair of cranial nerve includes I - Olfactory, 2-Optic, 3-occulomotor,4- trochlear, 5-trigeminal,6-abuducens,7-facial, 8-vestibulocolear,9- glassopharangeal, 10-vagus, 11-accessory, and12- hypoglosal. The autonomic nervous system is involved in a complex of reflex activities like the reflexes contraction of involuntary muscles (cardiac and smooth) or glandular secretion . The sympathetic stimulation as a whole increase the activity, thus it prepares the body to deal with excitement and stressful situations (flight or fight). Parasymphathetic stimulation has a tendency to slow down the body processes except digestion, absorption, of food and the function of genitourinary system. The special sensory system includes eyes (vision), ear(hearing) tounge (taste), smell(nose) and skin(touch)
The other systems which has close relationships with the nervous system are muscular system, endocrine system and digestive system.
The contraction of skeletal muscle by the motor nerve which is necessary for movement and locomotion. The contraction of smooth muscles of digestive system is mainly responsible for digestion, absorption and elimination of our food. The regulations of cardiac muscles by the cardiac center which is mainly responsible for the maintenance of blood pressure and circulation. The contraction of diaphragm play a vital role in respiration mainly inspiration. The contraction of muscles supplied by cranial nerve is also important especially 7th nerve supply the facial muscles.
The second system is endocrine system, which controls the and stimulate all the glands which includes pituitary gland, thyroid, pancreatic, adrenal, goals, and adrenal gland. All the endocrine glands are responsible for growth, metabolism and body homeostasis.
The third system I link with the nervous system is digestive system. Without food, no species survive. The activity of exocrine glands controlled by autonomic nervous system which secretes and control the digestive enzyme which is responsible for abortion of carbohydrates, proteins a, fat, vitamin, and mineral.,which is important and all the body cells made up of by the vital chemicals.
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