Question: Using Boyle’s Law as an example contrast the events involved in a norm

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Question: Using Boyle’s Law as an example contrast the events involved in a normal inspiration and a normal expiration.

I have the below info but I need to narrow this down to one paragraph in own words please.

Boyle's Law P1V1 = P2V2 at constant temperature where P = pressure of a gas V = volume 1 = initial conditions 2 = resulting conditions • pressure of a gas varies inversely with its volume.

The thoracic cavity that holds your lungs is static as the rib cage is not flexible nor is there musculature to move the ribs. However, at the base of the ribcage is a large flat muscle called the diaphragm that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. When the diaphragm relaxes the muscle is compressed upward which reduces the volume of the thoracic cavity increasing the pressure within the newly compressed space and creating a pump that forces air molecules from the lungs to travel up the bronchioles, into the bronchi, trachea, larynx and pharynx and exit the body through the nasal passages or the mouth if you are standing slack-jawed and open-mouthed like a Neanderthal.

When the diaphragm contracts it pulls downward toward the abdominal cavity and expands the volume of the thoracic cavity. This in turns decreases the pressure in the lungs and creates empty space which forms a vacuum. This reduction in pressure pulls air into the lungs. That air can enter the respiratory tract from your nasal cavities or your Neanderthal slack-jawed open mouth, into the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and into the alveoli to diffuse oxygen and carbon dioxide. It is the inverse relationship of Pressure and Volume of Boyle's Law that creates the pump - vacuum activity that allows for us to breathe.

Mechanisms of Breathing

The alveolar and intrapleural pressures are dependent on certain physical features of the lung. However, the ability to breathe—to have air enter the lungs during inspiration and air leaves the lungs during expiration—is dependent on the air pressure of the atmosphere and the air pressure within the lungs.

Pressure Relationships

Inspiration (or inhalation) and expiration (or exhalation) are dependent on the differences in pressure between the atmosphere and the lungs. In a gas, the pressure is a force created by the movement of gas molecules that are confined. For example, a certain number of gas molecules in a two-liter container has more room than the same number of gas molecules in a one-liter container (Figure 1). In this case, the force exerted by the movement of the gas molecules against the walls of the two-liter container is lower than the force exerted by the gas molecules in the one-liter container. Therefore, the pressure is lower in the two-liter container and higher in the one-liter container. At a constant temperature, changing the volume occupied by the gas changes the pressure, as does changing the number of gas molecules. Boyle’s law describes the relationship between volume and pressure in a gas at a constant temperature. Boyle discovered that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume: If volume increases, pressure decreases. Likewise, if volume decreases, pressure increases. Pressure and volume are inversely related (P = k/V). Therefore, the pressure in the one-liter container (one-half the volume of the two-liter container) would be twice the pressure in the two-liter container.

Boyle’s law is expressed by the following formula: P1V1 = P2V2

In this formula, P1 represents the initial pressure and V1 represents the initial volume, whereas the final pressure and volume are represented by P2 and V2, respectively. If the two- and one-liter containers were connected by a tube and the volume of one of the containers were changed, then the gases would move from higher pressure (lower volume) to lower pressure (higher volume).

Pulmonary ventilation is dependent on three types of pressure: atmospheric, intra-alveolar, and interpleural. Atmospheric pressure is the amount of force that is exerted by gases in the air surrounding any given surface, such as the body. Atmospheric pressure can be expressed in terms of the unit atmosphere, abbreviated atm, or in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). One atm is equal to 760 mm Hg, which is the atmospheric pressure at sea level. Typically, for respiration, other pressure values are discussed in relation to atmospheric pressure. Therefore, negative pressure is a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure, whereas positive pressure is a pressure that it is greater than the atmospheric pressure. A pressure that is equal to the atmospheric pressure is expressed as zero.

Explanation / Answer

According to Boyle's law, the pressure in a container is inversely proportional to it's volume. It means that if there are a fixed numbef of molecules of a gas in a chamber, the pressure exerted by the gas will be more in a small chambef as compared to a large chamber. So when we inspire, diaphragm contracts and gets flattened so volume of the thoracic cavity increases, the pressure therefore decreases and a vacuum is created that pulls air from the atmosphere inside. In expiration, the diaphragm relaxes, moves up and volume decreases ,hence increased pressure according to Boyle's law , therefore increased pressure causes the air in the lungs to be expelled out.

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