A partial dislocation of an articulating surface is a (an) A. circumduction B. s

Question

A partial dislocation of an articulating surface is a (an) A. circumduction B. subluxation C.hyperextension The function (s) of synovial fluid that fills the joint cavity is (are) A. 50. D. supination E. sprain 51. it nourishes the chondrocytes in articular cartilage B. it provides lubrication it acts as a shock absorber D. A, B, and C are correct C. E. only B and C are correct 52. The primary function (s) of menisci in synovial joint is (are) A. c. D. to subdivide a synovial cavity B. to channel the flow of synovial fluid to allow for variation in the shapes of the articular surfaces A, B, and C are correct E. only A and B are correct

Explanation / Answer

50 B Subluxation

This is by definition.

Circumduction refers to a conical movement of a body part, such as a ball and socket joint or the eye,  hyperextension or back extension is an exercise, supination refers to the outward roll of the foot during normal motion and sprain  is a stretched or torn ligament.

51. D. A, B and C are correct.

The inner membrane of synovial joints is called the synovial membrane and secretes synovial fluid into the joint cavity. Synovial fluid is an ultrafiltrate from plasma, and contains proteins derived from the blood plasma and proteins that are produced by cells within the joint tissues. During our movement, the synovial fluid held in the cartilage is squeezed out mechanically to maintain a layer of fluid on the cartilage surface. The functions of the synovial fluid include reduction of friction by lubricating the articulating joints, shock absorption since it has rheopectic properties i.e becoming more viscous under applied pressure. The synovial fluid in diarthrotic joints becomes thick, the moment shear is applied in order to protect the joint and then it, thins to normal viscosity instantaneously to resume its lubricating function between shocks. It also helps in nutrient and waste transportation. Synovial fluid supplies oxygen and nutrients to the chondrocytes and removes carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes from the chondrocytes within the surrounding cartilage

52 A. to subdivide a synovial cavity

Meniscus (plural menisci)  is a crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure that, partly divides a joint cavity. In humans they are present in the knee, wrist, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, and temporomandibular joints. In other animals they may be present in other joints. However, due to their location they are helpful in reducing the friction between bones.

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