Sprint LTE 4:17 PM @ 68%-.. + The syllabus 61. What are the major functions of b

Question

Sprint LTE 4:17 PM @ 68%-.. + The syllabus 61. What are the major functions of bones? 62. How are bones classified? Give 63. What are the distinguishing features of 64. What are the major features of the examples of each type of classification the axial and appendicular skeletons? bones that compose the thoracic cage? 65. What are the major parts of a long 66. List the substances normally stored in 67. What are the special features of bones Do the same for upper limbs bone? bone tissue of the cranium? Week 11 68. Are there differences in the structures of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae? Name two that are most obvious upon visual examination 69. Name each of the bones of the lower imbs 70. What are the six types of synovial joints? What other types of joints are there in the body? Week 12

Explanation / Answer

61. the first basic function of the bones is support. Bones serve as a framework to which the other organs and tissues of the body are attached. Bones act as armor and protection. Bones act as levers, controlling the power of the muscles and allowing specific parts of the body to move. The bones help in the formation of blood cells (Bone marrow). The bones serve as a reservoir for minerals.

62.

a. Long bones: Longer than they are wide. Examples: Femur, Tibia, Fibula

b. Short bones: They are cube-shaped i.e. length is similar to width/depth/diameter. Examples: Scaphoid bone (wrist bone), Lunate bone (wrist bone).

c. Flat bones: Have a thin shape and in some cases, provide mechanical protection to soft tissues beneath or enclosed by the flat bone. Examples: Cranial bones, Scapulae (Shoulder blades)

d. Irregular bones: Have complicated shapes that cannot be classified into above categories. Examples: Atlas bone, Axis bone.

e. Sesamoid bones: Develop on some tendons in locations where there is considerable friction, tension, and physical stress. Examples: Patella

f. Sutural bones Are very small bones located specifically within the sutural joints between the cranial bones.

63. The axial skeleton makes up our central axis and consists of the following bones: Skull, vertebrae, ribs and sternum. The appendicular skeleton consists of the limbs and girdles.

64. Thoracic cage

a. Protection for heart, lungs, major blood vessels associated with heart, trachea, and esophagus.

b. Support for the should girdle

c. Attachment of muscles involved in breathing movements.

d. Hemopoiesis

65. Major parts of long bone

a. Epiphysis: Ends of the bone

b. Diaphysis: Shaft of the bone

c. Compact bone: Outer part of the bone.

d. Spongy bone: Inner portion of bone

e. Periosteum: Outer connective tissue

f. Endosteum: Connective tissue lining medullary cavity

g. Medullary canal: Opening in center of bone

h. Articular cartilage: Cartilage at joint surfaces

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