Activity 2: Examining the Microscopic Anatomy of the Pituitary Gland, Thyroid Gl

Question

Activity 2: Examining the Microscopic Anatomy of the Pituitary Gland, Thyroid Gland Parathyroid Gland, Adrenal Gland, and Pancreas Identify the structures in the accompanying micrographs of endocrine tissue: a. b. C. d. e. 1. g- h. LM (100x) 9 LM (1000x) LM (100x) 2. Match each of the following cell types to the hormonels) that it produces. a, beta cells b. follicle cells 1. parathyroid hormone 2 epinephrine 3. insulin 4. calcitonin 5. oxytocin 6. thyroid hormones -c. parafollicular cells d. chief cells e. neuroendocrine cells f. chromaffin cells

Explanation / Answer

1. a. Zona Reticularis-- it is the innermost layer of adrenal cortex part of adrenal gland-produces androgens including androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone from cholesterol.

    b. Zona Glomerulosa--Outer layer of adrenal cortex-produces mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), useful in renin-   angiotension system.  

    c. Zona Fasciculata-- middle layer of adrenal cortex-mainly releases glucocorticoids (cortisol) for glucose metabolism

    d. Acinar Cells-- they are the exocrine cells of pancreas-responsible for systhesis, secretion and storage of digestive enzymes.

    e. Islet of Langerhans Cells--endocrine cells of pancreas mainly having alpha cells which releases glucagon and beta cells which secretes insulin and amylin directly into the blood stream.

    f. Colloids--It is an inactive precursor of T3 and T4, made of of thyroglobulin.

    g. Follicle Cells--cells of thyroid gland responsible for production and secretion of thyroid hormones-T3(triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine).

    h. Parafollicular Cells--neuroendocrine cells of thyroid glands which secretes calcitonin.

2. (3) Insulin a. Beta Cells-- Beta cells of pancreas secretes insulin

     (6) Thyroid Hormones b. Follicle Cells-- Follicle cells of thyroid secretes T3 and T4 (thyroid hormones)

     (4) Calcitonin c. Parafollicle Cells--Parafollicular cells of thyroid gland responsible for recretion of calcitonin.

     (1) Parathyroid Hormone- d. Chief Cells-- Chief cells of parathyroid gland secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH).

     (5) Oxytocin- e. Neuroendocrine Cells- Oxytocin produced by hypothalamus and secrete by posterior pituitary by neuroendocrine cells due to neuroendocrine integration mechanism.

     (2) Epinephrine- f. Chromaffin Cells-- Chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla are responsible for secretion of epinephrine.

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