1.) At the end of normal expiration, when air is no longer moving through the re
ID: 3480456 • Letter: 1
Question
1.) At the end of normal expiration, when air is no longer moving through the respiratory tract and the airway is open to the environment, the pressure within the lungs is equal to _____.
a. atmospheric pressure end-diastolic pressure
b. transpulmonary pressure
c. intrapleural pressure
d. systolic blood pressure
2.) Which of the following occurs when alveolar pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure?
a.Air moves out of the lungs.
b. Intrapleural pressure is greater than alveolar pressure.
c. The lungs collapse.
d. Air moves into the lungs.
e .The lungs expand.
3. If pressure between intrapleural space and alveoli equilibrates, this leads to _____.
a. air moving out of the lungs
b. restrictive pulmonary disease
c. air moving into the lungs
d. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD
e. a pneumothorax (collapsed lung)
3.) What are the primary inspiratory muscles?
a. diaphragm and abdominal muscles
b.internal intercostals and abdominal muscles
c. diaphragm and internal intercostals
d. diaphragm and external intercostals
e. external and internal intercostals
4.) _____ engulf foreign particles that reach the alveoli.
a. Alveolar macrophages
b. Type II alveolar cells
c. Type I alveolar cells
d. Goblet cells
e. Ciliated cells
5. What is the primary mechanism of carbon dioxide transport in blood?
a. as CO2 gas bound to hemoglobin
b.as bicarbonate ions dissolved in erythrocytes
c. as CO2 gas dissolved in the plasma
d. as CO2 gas dissolved in erythrocytes
e. as bicarbonate ions dissolved in the plasma
6. Movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and blood occurs by what process?
a. osmosis
b. simple diffusion
c. primary active transport
d. facilitated diffusion
e.secondary active transport
7. Which of the following will increase the unloading of oxygen from hemoglobin (by decreasing hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen)
a.increased hydrogen ion concentration, increased body temperature, and increased PCO2
b. increased body temperature only
c.increased hydrogen ion concentration only
d.increased PCO2 only
e.increased hydrogen ion concentration and increased PCO2
8. As we breathe in atmospheric air, it mixes with air in the dead zone of the conducting space and is humidified by water vapor. These combined actions result in a partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli that is _____.
a. equal to the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere
b.lower than the partial pressure of oxygen in the intrapleural space
c. equal to the partial pressure of oxygen in the intrapleural space
d. lower than the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere
e. higher than the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere
Explanation / Answer
Ans 1b
Transpulmonary pressure is the distinction between the alveolar pressure and the intrapleural pressure in the pleural cavity.
Ans 2 e
During inspiration, the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity. This causes the intrapleural pressure to become more negative, which increases the transpulmonary pressure, causing the lungs to expand.
Ans 3 e
Collapsed lung, occurs when air is trapped in the space around your lungs.
Ans 3d
The primary inspiratory muscles are the external intercostals and the diaphrag and the primaryexpiratory muscles are the internal intercostals, intercostalis intimi, and subcostals. The muscles of inspiration elevate the ribs and sternum, and the muscles of expiration depress them.
Ans 4 a
Alveolar macrophage (or dust cell) is a type of macrophage found in the pulmonary alveolu sActivity of the alveolar macrophage is relatively high, because they are located at one of the major boundaries between the body and the outside world.
They are responsible for removing particles such as dust or microorganisms from the respiratory surfaces.
Ans 5 c
Some of the carbon dioxide is transported dissolved in the plasma. Some carbon dioxide is transportedas carbaminohemoglobin. However, most carbon dioxide is transported as bicarbonate. As blood flows through the tissues, carbon dioxide diffuses into red blood cells, where it is converted into bicarbonate.
Ans 6 b
The function of the respiratory system is to exchange two gases: oxygen and carbon dioxide.. Diffusion is the spontaneous movement of gases, without the use of any energy or effort by the body, between the gas in the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries in the lungs.
Ans 7b
The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is decreased in our tissues by several physiological factors. Increased temperature, carbon dioxide, acid and 2,3-BPG all serve to decrease hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen, thus favoring unloading and making oxygen available for our cells
Ans 8.d.
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