How does the sympathetic nervous system influence the whole body with the use of
ID: 3480435 • Letter: H
Question
How does the sympathetic nervous system influence the whole body with the use of nerves? Hint think about endocrine action.Why do some of the actions of the sympathetic branch take a while to stop, epinephrine rush How does the sympathetic nervous system influence the whole body with the use of nerves? Hint think about endocrine action.
Why do some of the actions of the sympathetic branch take a while to stop, epinephrine rush
Why do some of the actions of the sympathetic branch take a while to stop, epinephrine rush
Explanation / Answer
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is a part of autonomic nervous system (ANS). The sympathetic nervous system along with parasympathetic nervous system (PNS-other part of ANS) is constantly active to maintain homeostasis. The SNS and PNS control the function of various organs and glands of endocrine system.
The SNS innervate tissues in almost every organ system throughout the body. It mediates the neuronal and hormonal stress response. The major action of sympathetic nervous system is to stimulate the body's fight-or-flight response. This response is also known as sympatho-adrenal response. The response is produced as the preganglionic sympathetic fibers that end in the adrenal medulla secrete acetylcholine (Ach). Ach activates the secretion of adrenaline (epinephrine) to greater extent and epinephrine to a lesser extent. Sympathetic nervous system activation causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels (stimulated by epinephrine release) of the skin, the digestive tract, and the kidneys. However, stimulated by epinephrine released from the adrenal glands, vasculature is increased in the skeletal muscles, the heart, the lungs, and the brain during a fight and flight response. This increases the blood flow to the organs involved in physical activity needed in the situation.
The epinephrine released in the blood in larger amount though cannot pass into the brain, it triggers release of dopamine in the brain. The dopamine gives the lingered sensation. It takes a while for the epinephrine in the blood and dopamine levels to subside, and hence some of the actions of sympathetic branch take a while to stop after the epinephrine rush.
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