2. Mrs. Anymom was admitted to the hospital with dehydration. She was also recen

ID: 3480040 • Letter: 2

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2. Mrs. Anymom was admitted to the hospital with dehydration. She was also recently diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Her cognitive abilities, including memory and attention span, had been declining for some time. And her personality changed. She was irritable, moody, disoriented and confused. What areas of her brain have most likely been affected, showing either a decrease in size or amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. . Kathy Klutz falls down a flight of stairs and in the process bumps her head several times. Shortly after her fall she starts to experience headaches and blurred vision. Diagnostic tests at the hospital reveal an epidural hematoma (broken blood vessels) in the temporoparietal area that is expanding downward to press against the brain stem. What further symptoms would you expect to observe from this injury?

Explanation / Answer

Answer to the 1st question:

Mr Anymom, being diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease is presently having following symptoms

confusion, irritability, loss of memory,change of personality, low mood,gross decline in mental faculties.

Pathological changes in brain:

There is cerebral atrophy and decrease in cerebral volume

There will be deposition of neuro fibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques in Hippocampus

** Hippocampus is the place in brain where consolidation and long term transformation of short term memory occurs. This area is damaged in AD, therefore AD patients cant form new memory

Answer to the 2nd question:

Epidural hematoma will have following characteristics:

1. The bleeding is arterial and it occured from middle meningeal artery.

2. On CT, there will be biconvex hemorragic area

3. Lucid interval: initially there will be Loss of consciousness, followed by improvement leading to further deterioration, this is k/a lucid interval.

4. Compression of cranial nerve III but cranial nerve IV & VI remain intact, so latreral rectus and superior oblique muscles will remain functional, all other extraocular muscles will be paralysed.

Eyes will be DOWN & OUT due to unopposed IV &VI.

5. In highly complicated situations there will be herniation and midline shift

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2. Mrs. Anymom was admitted to the hospital with dehydration. She was also recen

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