3. Tumor spheroids mimic avascular tumors in the body. It is thus an indispensab

Question

3. Tumor spheroids mimic avascular tumors in the body. It is thus an indispensable tool for cancer biology and cancer drug screening. Please name three major gradients in tumor spheroid that are similar and characteristic to real tumors. Answer (15 pt) a. What is the intrinsic relationship between the three gradients? (Be brief) Answer (5 pt) b. In spheroids, chemotherapeutic drugs have to enter and penetrate multiple cell layers to reach the inner cancer cells. Many cancer cells have two types of membrane transporters. One is the multidrug transporter, P-glycoprotein (Pgp); the other is the gap junctions. Please look them up in literature and briefly describe their individual roles in spheroid's response to chemodrug treatment. Answer (10 pt): c.

Explanation / Answer

answer:

a) three major gradients are i) nutrients [oxygen and glucose], ii) metabolites [ ph and lactate] and iii) signalling molecules [ promotors and inhibitors]

b) as oxygen and ph are responsible for the tumor cell metabolism, glucose oxygen consumption rates, tumor cell proliferation and viability. these major gradients plays an important roles in response of tumor radiation, chemotherapy, hyperthermia and photodynamic therapy.

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