Base your answers for questions 19-23 on the following graph 120 One cardiac cyc

Question

Base your answers for questions 19-23 on the following graph 120 One cardiac cyclo 40 100 135 6s V 19. This letter represents The EDV 20. This letter represents The ESV 21·This letter represents The Stroke Volume 22. This letter represents Isovolumic Ventricular Relaxation 23. This letter represents Isovolumic Ventricular Contraction 24 The volume of blood remaining in each ventricle following contraction is called the a. end-diastolic volume b. end-systolic volume c. stroke volume d. cardiac output e. cardiac reserve The cardiac output is equal to the a. difference between the end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume b. product of heart rate and stroke volume c. difference between the stroke volume at rest and the stroke volume during exercise d. stroke volume less the end-systolic volume e. product of heart rate and blood pressure 25

Explanation / Answer

This is a left ventricular Pressure volume loop, where Prsssure changes are plotted on Y axis and Volume changes are plotted on X axis.

First we are providing an explanation for the whole graph.

On X axis from the 1st pont to Point C there is increase in volume with a very little change in Pressure. This is the period of Diastole in which vetricle receives blood and relaxes, so volume change is high but pressure change is low.

When this Period starts ventricle only has whatever blood was left in it after systole(End systolic volume/ESV)

After this period is over,ventricles reacges End diastolic volume/EDV(point C here)

after Diastole ends(Post point C),mitral valve closes, systole starts,

Initially ventricle behaves as a closed chamber with both Mitral and aortic valve closed,

Now during this time in a closed chmber,pressure rises Continuously WITHOUT any change in volume--> Isovolumetric contraction(Point B)

After this period due to very high pressure, Aortic valve opens, blood flows into aorta, Systole starts.

Blood volume that moves out of ventricular during 1 systolic contraction is known as Stroke volume(A here)

at the end this phase, as aortic pressure > left ventricular pressure, Aortic valve closes,Systole ends.

After this, again ventricle gets into diastole, it relaxes with both valves closed, volume remains same however pressure drops steadily.

this period is Isovolumetric relaxation(Point D )

19.EDV> C

20.ESV>E

21.STROKE VOLUME >A

22.ISOVOLUMETRIC RELAXATION>D

23. ISOVOLUMETRIC CONTRACTION>B

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