Please answer ALL three questions completely! Mt. Denali, Alaska, 17,660 Feet Th

Question

Please answer ALL three questions completely!

Mt. Denali, Alaska, 17,660 Feet

The winded climbers slowly ascended the icy cliff in the near darkness of 4 a.m., carefully avoiding the steep crevasses that fell off sharply to either side. Several times each hour, Tom Benman, lead climber and expedition frontman, would call out "Everyone okay?" They had stopped replying long ago, too exhausted by the supreme effort of simply placing each foot in the proper direction. Three hours into a 12+ hour climbing day, the silence was permeated only by labored breathing and the crunch of ice under crampons.

Emily Norman, a Registered Nurse and the only woman on the six-person expedition team, was third in line, following her friend Mark McKinley, the least experienced climber of the group. For the last couple of days, Mark had been coughing heavily, and all morning had been slowing up, causing a backlog behind them and prompting several "everyone okay's” from Tom. Knowing Mark's competitive spirit, Emily was hesitant to urge him to pick up the pace, and when he pulled up to rest on a protected ledge, Emily motioned to the other climbers to pass on by. Her head was pounding anyway, and she rationalized she could use the break.

"You okay?" Emily asked.

"Yeah....I just....can't seem to....catch my breath," gasped Mark.

"Just rest a minute. There's no rush, Mark. Take your time....slow, deep breaths."

Tom appeared from the upper trail. "What's up?"

"Mark's having a little trouble catching his breath." Emily was getting worried.

Tom looked sharply at her. "How much trouble?"

"Quite a bit, I think." Emily looked over at Mark, whose breathing didn't appear eased by the rest stop, and then back at Tom. "I think we should get him down to a lower altitude. Quickly."

Tom nodded. "I'll get the others."

Questions

1. What change occurs in ventilation rate at high altitude? (Increase, Decrease, or No change)

2. Which blood gas is responsible for triggering this change? ______________

3. a) Draw in an arrow under the equation below, showing which way the change in ventilation rate above will shift the equilibrium.

CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3-
b) How will pH change in response to the change in ventilation rate? ________

Explanation / Answer

Question 1

Answer

Hgh altitude increases the Ventilation that indicate decresed partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood. that leads to hypoxia so need more oxygen supply.

Question 2

Answer

changes in PCo2 gives a sensitive index of ventilation

blood Oxygen gas is also responsible for triggering this changes

decrease in partial pressure of Oxygen (PO2) leads activation chemoreceptors. that enables hyperventilation more oxygen.

Question 3

Answer

a)

this condition increases the PH value that is increased alkalinity

H and PH

CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3-

b)

In hypoventilation PCO2 quickly increases and pH value falls. The decreses in pH.

The changes identified by peripheral chemoreceptors actvate and regulate the brain stem respiratory centers by sensory nerve stimulation.with water to form carbonic acid, causes release H+ into the solution.

In hyperventilation blood PCO2 quickly falls and pH increases because of the increased elimination of carbonic acid.

Related Questions

Navigate

• Browse (All)
• Browse P
• Subjects

Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.