Why is urinalysis a useful diagnostic tool for identifying certain diseases and

Question

Why is urinalysis a useful diagnostic tool for identifying certain diseases and infections? 11. Why is it useful to determine the specific gravity of a urine sample? QUESTIONS 12-13: Identify a possible cause for each of the following abnormal conditions. 12. Renal tubular alkalosis 13. Above-normal amount of crystals in the urine 14. Urinalysis revealed that a patient's urine had a pH of 4.0 and contained numerous casts and albumin. The doctor suggested that she reduce the protein in her diet. Explain why

Explanation / Answer

Ans 10: Urine is very important excretions from the body and many diseases and infections can be determined by the help of urinalysis. The urine contains the nitrogenous and other soluble products. It is the diluted element or the part of the blood along with dissolved salts. And the changes in urine secretion are very important from medical point of view. The effects of food and drink upon this excretion, variation in colour, odour and transparency these entire characteristic when undergo changes they thus indicate some disease conditions either to the urinary organs or to the other parts of the body.

Ans 11: Urinary specific gravity is the measure of the concentration of solutes in the urine. It deals with the ratio of urine density compared to water density and thus helps in determining the information regarding the kidney ability to concentrate urine. The normal specific gravity range is 1.000 to 1.030.

Ans 12: Renal tubular alkalosis is the defect in tubular functioning which causes a non-anion gap hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis as a result the kidneys failure to excrete acid or to reabsorb bicarbonate. And the plasma potassium may be normal, low or high which depend on the type of renal tubular alkalosis. The disease condition is associated with autoimmune disorder, hyperparathyroidism, analgesic nephropathy, renal transplant rejection and obstructive uropathy and urinary tract infections.

Ans 13: Crystals arises in the urine due to factors like dehydration, change in pH value and urinary tract infection. Presence of crystals also indicates the formation of kidney stones or bladder stones. When the body is dehydrated crystal formation occurs in the urine. As chemical components like nitrogen and uric acid gets solidified forms crystals in urine.

pH indicates either the compound is acidic or alkaline and the normal pH of urine is less than seven i.e., urine is acidic. Change in pH value of the urine also results in crystal formation. But alkaline pH results in crystals of calcium oxalate.

Crystals in urine indicate kidney or bladder stones. High protein diet also causes the crystal formation in the urine.

Ans 14: Normal pH range of urine is 7.00. The presence of albumin in the urine which is determined by the protein test shows the elevated levels of protein in the body. This increase level of protein in the body causes proteinuria which indicates the early symptoms of kidney disease. Because a healthy kidney does not allow the albumin to pass from blood into the urine. Thus the presence of albumin in the urine indicates some problems related to the kidney filtration. Diabetes and high blood pressure causes certain damage to kidneys which thus results in proteinuria.

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