Many of the victims who experienoed symptoms immediately following the release o

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Many of the victims who experienoed symptoms immediately following the release of the gas agreed to be taken to the hospital to be monitored for several hours. However, several of the victims who did not experienoe severe symptoms dedlined to be taken to the hospital. In order to provide healthcare workers with the information they needed to treat the victims, the members of the CBRT attempted to identify the lung- damaging agent. The first clue in this scenario was the soent of "cut grass," which is characteristio of the lung-damaging agent phosgene. Phosgene, also called carbonyl chloride (COCI2). is legitimately used in the manufacturing of plastias and pharmaceuticals, but it has also been used during warfare and acts of terrorism. A seoond due that points to phosgene gas was found in the victims' initial symptoms-irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose. mouth, pharynx, and larynx. Phosgene reacts with the water in mucus to produce the highly iitating chemical hydrochlorio acid. which causes inflammation of the mucous membranes lining these parts of the body A final dlue is the fadt that the victims did not immediately report any dyspnea, or difficulty breathing Phosgene's impact on the airways of the respiratory zone only oocurs 4-0 hours after exposure. Thus, the victims who lacked initial symptoms and dedlined to be taken to the hospital were still very much at risk for developing respiratory problems damages the respiratory membrane, and therefore will affect all of the following struatures except O Combined basal lamina of type 1 alveolar and capillary O Alveolar maaophages O Type l alveolar calls O Capillary andothelial cells endothelial cells Submit My Answers Give Un

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ANS) Phosphene gas exposure damages the respiratory membrane and therefore will affect all the following structures except:

Alveolar macrophages : Gas exposure gets restored as fast as possible to avoid collateral harm, so activated lymphocytes secrete ifn- to stimulate the production of matrix metalloproteinase MMP-9 of. Alveolar macrophages hence present in alveoli provide MMP-9 partly via PGE 2-structured pka signaling pathways concerned inside the inhibition of phagocytosis. MMP-9 matrix metallo protinase helps in activation of TGF-, re inducing expression of v6 integrins on epithelial alveolar cells, thereby relaxing and making the alveolar macrophage to a resting state.

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