1. A drop in arterial blood pressure would trigger decreased GFR release of aldo
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Question
1. A drop in arterial blood pressure would trigger
decreased GFR
release of aldosterone
increased sodium reabsorption
decreased chloride excretion
all of the above
2.
When a negative energy balance exists,
the body must make use of stored energy reserves
the caloric content of the food ingested is less than the energy output
the caloric content of the food ingested exceeds the energy lost due to heat or work
energy has been destroyed by catabolic processes within the body
both a and b are true
3.
Identify the item that has a pH the farthest away from that in a human cell:
pure water
milk
orange juice
sea water
bleach
4.
Chemical buffer systems
buffer changes in acid or base levels
promote H+ excretion by the kidneys when acidosis occurs
are the most powerful mechanism for regulating changes in [H+] within the body
stimulate the respiratory center when acidosis occurs
respond in one to three minutes to changes in hydrogen ion concentration
5.
You have 90 g of glucose (MW = 180). Assuming its (theoretical) complete breakdown in the mitochondrion, match the number of moles produced to each substance.
FADH2
ATP
CO2
TCA cycle NADH
1
3
38
6
19
a.decreased GFR
b.release of aldosterone
c.increased sodium reabsorption
d.decreased chloride excretion
e.all of the above
2.
When a negative energy balance exists,
a.the body must make use of stored energy reserves
b.the caloric content of the food ingested is less than the energy output
c.the caloric content of the food ingested exceeds the energy lost due to heat or work
d.energy has been destroyed by catabolic processes within the body
both a and b are true
3.
Identify the item that has a pH the farthest away from that in a human cell:
a.pure water
b.milk
c.orange juice
d.sea water
e.bleach
4.
Chemical buffer systems
a.buffer changes in acid or base levels
b.promote H+ excretion by the kidneys when acidosis occurs
c.are the most powerful mechanism for regulating changes in [H+] within the body
d.stimulate the respiratory center when acidosis occurs
e.respond in one to three minutes to changes in hydrogen ion concentration
5.
You have 90 g of glucose (MW = 180). Assuming its (theoretical) complete breakdown in the mitochondrion, match the number of moles produced to each substance.
FADH2
ATP
CO2
-TCA cycle NADH
a.1
b.3
c.38
d.6
e.19
Explanation / Answer
1. Option e is correct. A drop in arterial blood pressure activates renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system which causes release of renin which produces angiotensin I. This angiotensin I is then converted into angiotensin II with the help of angiotensin converting enzyme. This angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction to increase the arterial blood pressure and also activates adrenal gland to release aldosterone which causes sodium reabsorption and decreased chloride excretion. Decrease in arterial blood pressure also decreases the GFR (glomerular filtration rate). All these changes occurs in order to increase the arterial blood pressure.
2. Last option is correct, that is both a and b. Energy balance is neutral when energy intake is equal to energy consumption, positive when energy intake is more than the energy consumption and negative when energy intake is less than energy consumption and in this condition (negative energy balance) stored reserve energy like glycogen and adipose are consumed which results in weight loss.
3. Option e is correct. A human cell's pH range is between 6.8 -7.4. The pH of pure water and milk is near to 7. The pH of orange juice is near about 4 while the pH of bleach (sodium hypoclorite) is near about 12. Hence the farthest one is bleach.
4. Option a is correct. Chemical buffer system acts by buffering the changes in acid base level. It reponds within seconds. It does not eliminate H+ ions from the body. The most powerful mechanism to control H+ ion is renal excretion system.
5. FADH2 - 1
ATP - 19
CO2 - 3
TCA cycle NADH -6
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