1. Frank uses improper body position to lift a heavy box and strains the muscles
ID: 3473212 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Frank uses improper body position to lift a heavy box and strains the muscles in his lumbar region. Which muscles are most likely to be involved in this injury?
2. Describe the location of each of the following muscles.
a. Splenius cervicis b. Longissimus thoracis c. Multifidus d. Anterior scalene e. Coccygeus f. Triceps brachii g. Infraspinatus h. Teres minor I. Biceps brachii j. Supraspinatus k. Brachialis L. Coracobrachialis m. Teres major n. Deltoid o. Subscapularis
Explanation / Answer
Answer 1-
Frank uses abnormal body position to lift a heavy box, by doing this the weight of the box will unevenly get distributed on the body and the lumbar muscles will get strained ( "Strain " is defined as stretching of muscle or it's tendinous attachment)
Most common lumbar muscles that will get strained are as follows:
1. Erector spinae - this muscles has three parts : medial- spinalis
intermediate- longissimus
lateral- iliocostalis
2. Semispinalis
3. Multifidus
4.Rotatores
5. Qudratus lumborum
6. Psoas major
Part 2-
Location of following muscles :-
a) Splenius cervicis -
This muscle is present in the posterior aspect of neck. To get an idea of it's location, you can imagine it to be in a V shape on back of your neck. For exact location
Origin- narrow tendinous band from T3-T6 vertebral spines (thoracic 3rd to thoracic 6th)
Insertion- is on tranverse processes of C1-C3 vertebrae (C -Cervical) , sometimes only C1 and C2 tranverse processes.
* Note: The V appearance is like, the two limbs of the V meet at the origin of the muscle which is lower in the neck at the level of T3-T6 in the midline.
b) Longissimus thoracis :-
also known as longissimus dorsi. It is the muscle of the back.
Origin-
posterior surface of transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae and thoracolumbar fascia, at the origin it's fibers join iliocostalis lumborum also.
Insertion- tips of transverse processes of all thoracic vertebrae and lower nine or ten ribs.
c) Multifidus : It is the muscle located superficially to the spine.
Origin -arise from the sacrum ( from posterior aspect) as low as the fourth sacral foramen, from aponeurosis of Sacrospinalis, the medial surface of the posterior superior iliac spine, and from the posterior sacroiliac ligaments.
from all the mamillary processes in lumbar region
from all the thoracic transverse processes.
from the articular processes of the lower four cervical vertebrae
Insertion- Into the whole length of the spinous process of one of the vertebræ above.
d) Anterior scalene-
The anterior scalene muscle lies at the side of the neck, but is present much deep
Origin- the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae, goes straight downways and
Insertion- by a flat tendon into the scalene tubercle of the first rib, and into the ridge on the upper surface of 2nd rib in front of the subclavian groove.
e) Coccygeus-
It is a triangular structure. Origin by apex of traingle and insertion by base.
Origin - spine of the ischium and sacrospinous ligament,
Insertion- margin of the coccyx and the side of the lowest piece of the sacrum. (S4-5)
f) Triceps brachii-
present in the posterior compartment of arm
Origin:
Long head - infraglenoid tubercle of scapula ( longest of all heads)
Lateral head- oblique ridge on upper part od posterior surface of Humerus, corresponding to lateral lip of radial groove
Medial head- triangular area on posterior surface of the humerus, below radial groove, and from medial and lateral interamuscular septa.
Insertion:
Long and lateral head converge and fuse and form flat tendon and iinserted on posterior part of superior surface of olecranon process.
Medial head is inserted partly into superficial tensdon and partly in olecranon.
g) Infraspinatus-
Present as a part of rotator cuff of shoulder and extends between pposterior part of scapula and upper part of humerus.
Origin: medial two third of infraspinous fossa of scapula.
Insertion: middle impression of greater tubercle of humerus
h) Teres minor:
also a muscle of rotator cuff.
Origin:
upper two third of dorsal surface of the lateral border of the scapula.
Insertion:
lowest impression of the greater tubercle of humerus
i) Biceps brachii:
In Anterior compartment of arm.
Origin: two heads of Origin
Short head- from tip of coracoid process of scapula along with coracobrachialis.
Long head - arises from supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula and glenoid labrum
Insertion:
posterior rough part of radial tuberosity and the tendon is separated from tuberosity by bursa.
Tendon also gives out a aponeurosis called bicipital aponeurosis which separates median cubital vein from brachial artery.
j) Supraspinatus:
muscle of rotator cuff of shoulder
Origin: medial two thirds of the supraspinatus fossa of the scapula.
Insertion: upper impression of greater tuberosity of humerus.
k) Brachialis:
Present in anterior compartmeny of arm and is present deep to biceps.
Origin:
Lower half of front of humerus including both anteromedial and anterolateral surfaces and anterior border.
Medial and lateral intermuscular septa.
Insertion:
Coronoid process of ulna and ulnar tuberosity.
Rough anterior surface of coronoid process of Ulna
l) Coracobrachialis:
muscle of anterior aspect of arm extends from scapula to middle of humerus
Origin-
medial side of tip of the coracoid process of scapula with the origin of short head of biceps brachii. ( lateral side of tip)
Insertion-
middle 5 cm of medial border of the Humerus
m) Teres major:
ORIGIN: lower one third of dorsal surface of lateral border and inferior angle of scapula
insertion :
medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus
Teres major form the lower aspect of the posterior wall of axilla.
n) Deltoid
This muscle forms the prominence of shoulder.
Origin-
Anterior border of lateral one third of clavicle
Lateral border of acromion where 4 septa of origin are attached
Lower lip of crest of the spine of scapula
Insertion- Deltoid tuberosity of Humerus where 3 septa of insertion are attached
o)Subscapularis
It is the component of Rotator cuff of shoulder and it extends from anterior aspect of scapula to humerus
Origin- medial two thirds of Subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion - lesser tubercle of humerus.
f) Triceps brachii-
present in the posterior compartment of arm
Origin:
Long head - infraglenoid tubercle of scapula ( longest of all heads)
Lateral head- oblique ridge on upper part od posterior surface of Humerus, corresponding to lateral lip of radial groove
Medial head- triangular area on posterior surface of the humerus, below radial groove, and from medial and lateral interamuscular septa.
Insertion:
Long and lateral head converge and fuse and form flat tendon and iinserted on posterior part of superior surface of olecranon process.
Medial head is inserted partly into superficial tensdon and partly in olecranon.
g) Infraspinatus-
Present as a part of rotator cuff of shoulder and extends between pposterior part of scapula and upper part of humerus.
Origin: medial two third of infraspinous fossa of scapula.
Insertion: middle impression of greater tubercle of humerus
h) Teres minor:
also a muscle of rotator cuff.
Origin:
upper two third of dorsal surface of the lateral border of the scapula.
Insertion:
lowest impression of the greater tubercle of humerus
i) Biceps brachii:
In Anterior compartment of arm.
Origin: two heads of Origin
Short head- from tip of coracoid process of scapula along with coracobrachialis.
Long head - arises from supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula and glenoid labrum
Insertion:
posterior rough part of radial tuberosity and the tendon is separated from tuberosity by bursa.
Tendon also gives out a aponeurosis called bicipital aponeurosis which separates median cubital vein from brachial artery.
j) Supraspinatus:
muscle of rotator cuff of shoulder
Origin: medial two thirds of the supraspinatus fossa of the scapula.
Insertion: upper impression of greater tuberosity of humerus.
k) Brachialis:
Present in anterior compartmeny of arm and is present deep to biceps.
Origin:
Lower half of front of humerus including both anteromedial and anterolateral surfaces and anterior border.
Medial and lateral intermuscular septa.
Insertion:
Coronoid process of ulna and ulnar tuberosity.
Rough anterior surface of coronoid process of Ulna
l) Coracobrachialis:
muscle of anterior aspect of arm extends from scapula to middle of humerus
Origin-
medial side of tip of the coracoid process of scapula with the origin of short head of biceps brachii. ( lateral side of tip)
Insertion-
middle 5 cm of medial border of the Humerus
m) Teres major:
ORIGIN: lower one third of dorsal surface of lateral border and inferior angle of scapula
insertion :
medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus
Teres major form the lower aspect of the posterior wall of axilla.
n) Deltoid
This muscle forms the prominence of shoulder.
Origin-
Anterior border of lateral one third of clavicle
Lateral border of acromion where 4 septa of origin are attached
Lower lip of crest of the spine of scapula
Insertion- Deltoid tuberosity of Humerus where 3 septa of insertion are attached
o)Subscapularis
It is the component of Rotator cuff of shoulder and it extends from anterior aspect of scapula to humerus
Origin- medial two thirds of Subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion - lesser tubercle of humerus.
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