Topic 5: 1a). Explain psychology\'s theories of what motivates helping—and the t

Question

Topic 5:

1a). Explain psychology's theories of what motivates helping—and the type of helping each theory seeks to explain. Be sure to include the social exchange theory, social norms theory and evolutionary theory.

2a). Identify circumstances that prompt people to help, or not to help. Explain how and why helping is influenced by the number and behavior of other bystanders, by mood states, and by traits and values. 2b). What is the bystander effect and explain the Kitty Genovese case.

3a). Identify and explain how personality traits, gender and religious faith predict helping. 3b). Identify and explain two ways to increase helping.

4a). Explain how social dilemmas, competition perceived injustice and misperception contribute to conflict. 4b). Explain how bargaining, mediating and arbitrating can bring about peace. 4b). Based on what you have read, identify and explain two strategies to bring about peace.

Explanation / Answer

1a. Social exchange theory posits that human relationships are formed by the use of a subjective cost-benefit analysis, stemmed by the desire to maximise our rewards and minimise our costs. According to this view, people will help others only when the potential benefits to themselves outweigh the costs of helping. Next, the social norms theory holds that our behavior is influenced by our perceptions of how mwmbers of our social group think and act. Therefore, acts of helping others is caused due to altruism being perceived as a positive and desirable trait in our society. Finally, the evolutionary perspective holds that the tendency to perform helping behaviors is motivated by the desire to favour the chance of survival of people with similar genetic base.

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