HELPFUL INFO----- Appeal to Pity Brings up sad things Intends to evoke pity Moti

Question

HELPFUL INFO-----

Appeal to Pity

Brings up sad things

Intends to evoke pity

Motivates psychologically to accept a conclusion

The sad things are irrelevant to the conclusion

Appeal to Fear (including force)

Brings up scary things

Intends to evoke fear

Motivates psychologically to accept a conclusion

The scary things are irrelevant to the conclusion

Appeal to the People

Encourages audience to accept what others believe

Uses peer pressure to influence

Inclusivist peer pressure or

Exclusivist peer pressure

Not claimed that the peer group has any special expertise

Ad Hominem*

Responding to another, opposing argument, or testimony

Brings up negatives or perceived negatives about the opponent, commonly one of the following:

Abusive (negative character traits)

Circumstantial (motives to argue for the conclusion, predispositions to argue for the conclusion)

Tu Quoque (hypocrisy on behalf of the opponent)

NOT a case of legitimately undermining testimony

Straw Man*

Responds to another, opposing, argument or claim

Misrepresents the opposing view, and then pretends to defeat that view.

May be relevant to, even defeat, some similar sounding, or related, possibly more general, view.

Accident

Appeals to a general rule or principle

The rule or principle is not absolute (There are exceptions.)

Applied to an exceptional case

Arguer acts as if either (a) the rule is absolute or (b) the case is typical.

Red Herring

Premises are not logically relevant to the conclusion

It is NOT one of the other fallacies of relevance

The psychological impetus for accepting the conclusion is distraction, often by a similar sounding, or related, possibly more general, conclusion.

Sometimes this fallacy is said to occur when one gives arguments about a subject that is irrelevant to the established discussion, whether those arguments themselves are fallacious or not.

QUESTION 10 Pet owners argue for a law to ensure that pet food is free of lethal contaminants. But did you know that half the children of the world eat contaminated food every day? Thousands of these kids die regularly from cholera. There s no need for this law about pet food. Appeal to Pity O Appeal to Fear (including force) O Appeal to the People O Ad Hominem Red Herring O No Falacy QUESTION 11 Some political commentators are saying that the war in Iraq has done more harm than good overall. Apparently, they think Saddam Hussein was a great hero and they wish he was back in power Appeal to Pity O Appeal to Fear (including force) O Appeal to the People O Ad Hominem Red Herring O No Falacy QUESTION 12 Should the defense department fund the new B7 bomber? I say they should because this country needs a strong Air Force. A strong Air Force is essential for providing a good defense of our nation. Our nation needs a strong military force in today s world and the Air Force is a critical element in this military power. O Appeal to Pity O Appeal to Fear (including force) O Appeal to the People o Ad Hominem Strawman Red Herring O No Fallacy

Explanation / Answer

10.Appeal to Pity as it Brings up sad things

11. Ad Hominem as they react to opposite argument

12. appeal to people as it is to convince them

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