Question1 The following (top-left) figure shows the principle of ultrasound test

Question

Question1 The following (top-left) figure shows the principle of ultrasound testing (UT) of the pipeline, e.g., stand-off and wall thickness. The external (on the right) and internal (on the left) metal losses were detected at two sites as illustrated in the (top-right) figure below . Please interpret the inspection results for external (A and B) and internal (C and D) metal losses, respectively Internal Metal Loss External Metal Loss UT sensor t 1 Media Stand-Off echo Wall Thickness Transducer Inspection results Stand off Wall thickness External . Internal

Explanation / Answer

1. External metal losses:

Diagram B shows that there is a big patch of ligt blue color which denotes that significant metal loss has occured at that patch. It can also be seen in the main diagram that metal on the pipe external wall has chipped off. This is a significant defect which could further erode the metal and pipe needs replacement.

2. Internal metal losses:

As it can be seen in diagram D, there are a lot of spots in dark blue which denote that metal losses are present at these spots. Metal is chipped off from these spots which could be due to rough fluid flow, high temperature, temperature changes etc. Also in diagram C, it can be seen that a big red spot is present which shows significant metal loss at that spot. This requires immediate attention and the replacement of pipe needs to be done.

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