rcement and negative punishment are simllar in that both: produce an increase in
ID: 3457887 • Letter: R
Question
rcement and negative punishment are simllar in that both: produce an increase in the probability of a behavior. Involve the administration of a stimulus. involve the removal of a stimulus. b. produce a decrease in the probability of a behavior d. tnforcement schedule? c variable interval d. varlable ratio -15. Getting paid monthly is what type ofre a fixed interval b. fixed ratio 16. Which of the folowing is true about REM and dreams? a. Dreams only occur during REM sleep. b. Dreams do not occur during REM sleep. c Dreams during REM sleep are likely to be mundane. d. Dreams during REM sleep are likely to be bizarre. 17. The delusional, illogical nature of dreams likely results in large part from: a. unresolved conflicts that the conscious mind cannot access while awake. b. daily life experiences. c deactivation of the prefrontal cortex during sleep. d. activation of the visual association areas during sleep. 18. Sleep spindles are indicative of which stage of sleep? a. stage 2 b. stage 1 ?.REM d. stage 4 19. A person can be easily awakened in this stage of sleep. a. stage 2 b. stage 3 c stage 1 d. REMExplanation / Answer
14. The correct answer is option D
Explanation : Negative reinforcement can be defined as the removal of a stimulus which is generally aversive in nature after the desired behaviour is attained and which increases the behaviour. Punishment on the other hand can be defined as the addition of aversive stimulus(positive punishment) or removal of desired stimulus (negative punishment) in order to decrease a behaviour or response. Thus from the definitions it is clear that negative reinforcement is used to increase a behaviour while punishment is used to decrease a behaviour but both include removal of a stimulus. Thus the correct answer is option D.
15. The correct answer is option A
Explanation : Reinforcement schedules can be defined as the set of specific rules or procedure after which a reinforcement is given. These are broadly classified into two types that is fixed schedules and intermittent schedules. The intermittent schedules are further divided into fixed ratio, fixed interval, variable ratio and variable interval. While fixed ratio refers to reinforcement given after a fixed number of correct responses, variable ratio is after variable number of correct responses. Fixed interval is reinforcement given after a specific preiod of time while for variable interval the period varies. Thus in case of monthly payments they are given after a specific period of time that is one month. Therefore the correct answer is option A.
16. The correct answer is option D
Explanation : There are total five stages of sleep where the first four stages are NON-REM sleep the fifth stage is called as REM sleep. It is characterised by rapid eye movement, increased respiration and brain activity. Most but not all of the dreams occur during REM sleep and the dreams are very vivid, memorable and often bizzare.Thus the correct answer is option D
17. The correct answer is option C.
Explanation : During sleep the prefontral cortex is deactivated. This prefrontal cortex is responsible for controlled and logical thinking. By suppressing this part the brain paves way for more primitive parts of the brain to take lead during dreaming thus resulting in illogical and delusional nature of dreams.
18. The correct answer is option A
Explanation : Brain spindles can be defined as sudden bursts of oscillatory brain activity which is generated by the reticular nucleus of the thalamus. It occurs during stage 2 of sleep and is also called light sleep.
19. The correct answer is option C
Explanation : Stage 1 is the first stage of sleeping which lasts from 1 to 10 minutes. This is when the person decides to sleep and closes their eyese thus can be easily woken up from sleep.
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