1. Distinguish among different ways in which people use substances, and identify
ID: 3455704 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Distinguish among different ways in which people use substances, and identify those uses that lead to substance-related disorders.
2. Discuss the prevalence, patterns, and trends of substance use over the past several decades.
3. Distinguish among and define substance intoxication, withdrawal, abuse, and dependence and the factors associated with different manifestations of intoxication, withdrawal, and dependence.
4. Describe the physiological, cognitive, affective, and behavioral effects of alcohol, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, inhalants, cocaine, amphetamines, opioids, hallucinogens, PCP, cannabis, and nicotine; how these effects differ hen larger doses are ingested and the effects of extreme doses.
5. Describe the three stages of alcohol withdrawal. Is a hang over a stage of withdrawal?
6. Discuss the patterns of use of alcohol, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and cocaine that lead to dependence on these substances.
7. Discuss how the rates of alcohol use and problems vary across cultures.
8. Discuss the most frequent causes of death and the negative health conditions associated with each of the substances in this chapter.
9. Discuss the effects of a pregnant woman's use of alcohol, cocaine, and nicotine on her developing fetus and newborn child. perspective.
10. Discuss the role of genetics in alcoholism, and Study guides Describe what might be inherited in the children of alcoholics.
11. Distinguish between the disease model of alcoholism and the controlled drinking.
12. Discuss the social and cognitive factors that lead to substance use.
13. Describe how methadone, naltrexone, naloxone, disulfiram, and antidepressants may be used to treat people with particular substance-related disorders.
14. Describe Alcoholics Anonymous and its treatment philosophy.
15. Discuss the behavioral treatments for alcoholism: aversive classical conditioning, covert sensitization therapy, and cue exposure and response prevention.
16. Describe the elements of cognitive therapies for alcoholism, and describe the elements of relapse prevention programs.
17. Discuss how men and women differ in their patterns of substance use, and discuss the proposed explanations for these differences.
Explanation / Answer
1. There are five methods of drug use which allow drugs to enter the body:
Smoking: This method gets the drugs into the body’s system relatively faster than swallowing as the smoke goes into the lungs where it quickly moves into the bloodstream.
Snorting: Through snorting, drugs enter the bloodstream through the nasal mucous membranes and through the stomach. Individuals snorting drugs will experience the effects within about 15 minutes.
Suppositories: Although this is not a common method of use, drugs entered into the body through suppositories is delivered into the bloodstream through the rectum’s mucous membrane.
Injecting: Injecting drugs is the fastest method for experiencing the high from drug use because it puts the drug directly into the bloodstream. Drugs can be injected into the soft tissue, into the muscle or directly into the vein.
Individuals who become addicted to drugs can sometimes progress to different ingestion methods as a way to get high faster, and therefore the faster the effects of the drug on the body, the higher is the risk for substance abuse disorders.
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