4. A psychologist wants to assess whether a new antidepressant called Sunshine w

Question

4. A psychologist wants to assess whether a new antidepressant called Sunshine will decrease depressive symptoms more than an older antidepressants like Zoloft. She randomly assigns participants to the two experimental/ treatment conditions and measures the number of depressive symptoms on the basis of self-report. According to the scientific method and the rules of hypothesis testing, the psychologist should then statistically evaluate: a) the hypothesis that type of antidepressant has an effect on depressive symptoms (alternative hypothesis). b) The hypothesis that type of antidepressant has no effect on depression (null hypothesis). c) i depression has an effect on the type of antidepressant a researcher would prescribe (reverse hypothesis). d) All of the above 5. Which of the following is an accurate description of a confounding variable? a) It has no relationship with either the independent variable (IV) and the dependent variable (DV). b) It changes the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable. c) It is a variable that never changes. d) It is a variable that provides an alternative explanation for the relationship between the IV and the DV. 6. A researcher is interested in the effects of gender on self-esteem and proposes that women have poorer self-esteem than men. Which of the following statements is true? a) self-esteem is the independent variable. b) the study should be conducted with only women. c) gender is a subject variable. d) the study cannot be conducted because gender cannot be manipulated. 11. states that “the larger the sample size, the more reliable and valid the sample statistics are that are used to estimate population parameters are”. a) Deviation theory b) Inter-item consistency. c) The law of large numbers d) The sampling error hypothesis

Explanation / Answer

The researcher would first test the null hypothesis (that type of antidepressant has no effect on depression) because he wants to disapprove of it. He would then test the alternative hypothesis (that type of antidepressant has an effect on depressive symptoms) to approve it. The experimenter must statistically first evaluate whether the null hypothesis stands corrected or rejected.

Thus, the correct answer is option, B.

Confounding variables are any variables which affect or change the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable. They are the extraneous influences also known as external or environmental variables.

Thus, the correct answer is option, B.

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