J ul Derlavloral change clearly ms are NOT learning B. Types of Learning accordi
ID: 3447831 • Letter: J
Question
J ul Derlavloral change clearly ms are NOT learning B. Types of Learning according to Thorpe Th orpe described 5 qualitatively different types of learning. These included latent learning, imprinting, and insight. Define 2 of these 3 types and give a clear example including the name of the researcher associated with each. C. Investigative Strategies According to your text, why cannot observational methods be used to study is, why can only the experimental method be used? Make up a novel example to s your answer, i.e. not the text's example. upport apter 2 (Domjan): Answer all parts A. Name, define, and give an example of the two categories of unconditioned behavior. B. What is the difference between elicited and emitted behavior C. Modal Action Pattern Describe how a researcher can determine which stimulus features elicit modal a patterns. Specifically describe the Domjan experiment that did this. What is the difference between an appetitive and consummatory response? Usi your rat, discuss an example of each. 1. 2. apter 3 (Domjan): Answer all parts.Explanation / Answer
B.W.H. Thorpe (1951) defines learning as an internal change in the animal causing adaptive changes in the behaviour as a result of experience. The theory of Insight Learning was first proposed by German-American psychologist, one of the founders of Gestalt psychology, Wolfgang Köhler. Insight learning refers to the sudden realization of the solution of any problem without repeated trials or continuous practices. To further elaborate on its definition, insight learning is the type of learning, in which one draws on previous experience and also seems to involve a new way of perceiving logical and cause-and-effect relationship. Insight is sometimes called an epiphany, an "aha" moment or a "eureka' feeling when a solution to a problem presents itself suddenly. Imprinting is strongly controlled by genes. Young chicks must learn from parents’ activities such as singing, nest building or following their mother. Social imprinting happens during the brief but sensitive early period of life but it has great stability and influences the behaviour of the animals towards the others for the rest of life. Adult behaviour is the result of learning during the early stages of life. Human imprinting effect is a form of social learning. People are attracted to familiar stimuli which may in part explain this phenomenon further evolutionary psychologists have suggested that it may well be an adaptive mechanism that each leads to better reproduction. Latent learning is often described as the type of learning that does not immediately present itself, but can be called upon when useful. In other words, when a reward, or reinforcement, is involved, that latent learning becomes visible to us.For example, a child might learn how to complete a math problem in class, but this learning is not immediately obvious. Only when the child is offered some form of reinforcement for completing the problem does this learning reveal itself. The term latent learning was coined by psychologist Edward Tolman during his research with rats, although the first observations of this phenomenon were made earlier by researcher Hugh Blodgett. C. Observational method cannot be used in studiying learning as the possibility of manipulating variables is less than in an experimental method. Experimental method can be be more controlled and more long term effects of learning can be studied. Observation is more what is happening currently in front of the eyes and has less predictive quality than experimental method. Experimental method for example can be used for studying whether positive reinforcement will have a postive or negative effect on students behaviour. In classical conditioning, an unconditioned response is an unlearned response that occurs naturally in reaction to the unconditioned stimulus. For example, if the smell of food is the unconditioned stimulus, the feeling of hunger in response to the smell of food is the unconditioned response. Elicited Behavior-A class of behavior necessary for Classical Conditioning to occur; it refers to acts that occur automatically in response to a stimulus or unintentionally by the organism. Emitted Behavior-A class of behavior necessary for Operant Conditioning to occur; it refers to acts that occur intentionally by the organism. If the behavior that is emitted is intended to "operate" on the environment for a specific consequence or purpose, it is considered a unique form of behavior referred to as an Operant. According to Domjan (2003), there is no “universally accepted” definition of learning. However, he says, “learning is an enduring change in the mechanisms of behavior involving specific stimuli and/or responses that results from prior experience with those or similar stimuli and responses.” Some types of reflexes can be quite complex and specific to individual species. These are then called modal action patterns (MAPs) or fixed action pattern. These reflexes are elicited by sign stimuli, or releasing stimuli, in the environment, and many very cleverly designed experiments have been conducted to determine exactly what the sign stimulus is in any given situation. Habituation- Given that a particular stimulus elicits a response,repeated applications of the stimulus result in decreased response. The decrease isusually a negative exponential function of the number of stimulus presentations.
Related Questions
Navigate
Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.