From the case study below, where did critical thinking fail? How could the scien

Question

From the case study below, where did critical thinking fail? How could the scientific method have offered a different outcome?

Case 2: Becky, Moniz, and the Prefrontal Lobotomy n 1949, Dr Egas Moniz was awarded the Nobel Prize in : Right Physiology and Medicine for the development af prefron. tal lebotomy surgical procedure in which the connec- tions between the prefrontal lebes and tha rost of the brain are cut as a trestmant for mental ness. Tha prefrontal lobes are the large areas, left and right, at the very frofLt the brain (see Figure 1.7). Moniz's discovery was based on prerontal the report that Becky, a chimpanzee that frequently became upset when she made arrors during the performance of a food-rowarded task, did not do so fell owing the creation of a large bilateral lesion (an area of damage to both sides of the brain) of her prefrontal labes. After hearing abouthi observetion at a scientific meeting in 1935, Moniz convineed neuroaurgeen Aimoida Lima to operate on a series af psy chiatric pabients sos Halar et al., 2006) Lima cut out six FIGURE 1.7 The right and left prefrontal lobes, whose Follewing Monizs claims that prefrontal surgery connections to the nest of the brain are disrupted by tion of various foms of prefrontal psychosurgory. One developed in Italy and then populerized in the United States by Walter Freeman in the lato 1940s It involvad inserting an ice-pick-like device under the eyelid, driving it through the orbit (the eye sackot) with a faw taps af a mailet, and pushing it into the frontal lobes, where it was waved back and ferth to sever the connections betwecn the prefrontal kobes and the rest of the brain (see Figure a wide range of undesirable side offects, such as amoral- and uninary incontinenco. This led to the abandonment of prefrontal lobotomy in many parts of the warld-but not befora moro than 40,000 patients had been lobotomized in the United States alone. And, prefrontal lobotomies still Analysis of Case 2 ncredible as it may seom, Monizs A particularly troubing aspect of the use of prefrontal prefrontal lobotomy, performed for the treatment of a psy FIGURE 1.8 The prefrontal lobotomy procedure of a single chimpanzse in a sngle stuation. Thus, Moniz displayed a lack of appreclation for the diversity of brain and behavior, both within and between species. No program Dully described how he had been lobotomized at the age of 12 (Dully & Flaming, 2007) The lobotemy was arranged by Dully's stepmother, agreed to by his father, and per formed in 10 minutes by Waltor Freeman. Dully spent most effective were based an the impressions of the individuof the rest of his life in asykums, jails, and halfway houses, als who were the least objective-the physicians who hadwondeing what he had dane to deserve the lobotomy and how much it had been responsibla for his troubled life frequently judged as improved if they wero more manage-Ivestigation of the medical documents and interviews with able, and litle effart was made to evaluate more impcrtant some of those involved in the case have indicated that Dully aspects of their paychological adjustment or to dont wes a normal child whose stepmother was cbsessed by her hatred for him. Tragicaly, noither his father nor the med- Eventually, it became clear that prefrontal lobotomiescal profession intervened to protect him from Freaman's assessment of the effects of the surgery on a large sample of subjacts from various nonhuman mammalian species. To do so is not only unwise, it is unethical prefrontal lobotomy was the failure of Moniz and others to earefully evakuate the consequences of the surgery in the first patients to undergo the operation isee Mashour, Walker, & Matuza, 2005; Singh, Hallmayer, & Illes, 2007) The early reports that the operation was therapeuticaly are of little therapeutic benefit and that they can produca oo-pick

Explanation / Answer

The critical thinking aspect failed the moment Dr Moniz thought of damaging frontal lobe will help in curing mental illness.

There is no data been collected and analysed. All he did was to follow a single case of Chimpanzee. For critical thinking to happen, one must need enough data's to evaluate and interpret.

There is not even regular thinking process involved and it's a classic "one case example". In this context plenty of others also started following the same conclusion and it resulted in plenty of victims losing their unique mental health and framework.

Scientific method requires Collection of data; interpreting it; formulating a postulate; testing the theory; analyzing the results obtained with initial postulate; arriving at a conclusion and supporting it with required tests and protocols to be followed during. Finally submitting the conclusions in forum open for discussion and opinions.

Thus outcome may have been entirely desirable and it will provide a better solution

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