Part I: Dr. X conducts a study on the effect of self-consciousness on empathy. P

Question

Part I:

Dr. X conducts a study on the effect of self-consciousness on empathy. Participants in the study are randomly assigned to one of two groups. Participants in both groups are asked to watch a video which presents the story of a homeless man begging for food. In one group, participants watch the video in a room with mirrors on three walls (this is the high self-consciousness group – the researcher reasons that observing oneself in a mirror will increase self-consciousness). In the second group (the low self-consciousness group), participants watch the video in a room with no mirrors. After the video, all participants are asked to complete a survey in which they indicate their level of empathy for the homeless man in the video. On this measure of empathy, higher scores represent more empathy. Dr. X wants to determine whether there are any differences in levels of empathy between the two groups (high self-conscious and low self-conscious). She uses an alpha of .05. The SPSS output for the independent samples t-test is presented below.

T-Test

Group Statistics

self consciousness

N

Mean

Std. Deviation

Std. Error Mean

participant empathy

high SC

9

27.6667

4.55522

1.51841

low SC

9

22.3333

3.42783

1.14261

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for Equality of Variances

t-test for Equality of Means

F

Sig.

t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

Mean Difference

Std. Error Difference

95% Confidence Interval of the Difference

Lower

Upper

participant empathy

Equal variances assumed

.862

.367

2.807

16

.013

5.33

1.90

1.30

9.36

Equal variances not assumed

2.807

14.860

.013

5.33

1.90

1.27

9.38

1. What was the independent variable in this study?

2. What was the dependent variable in this study?

3. What type of research design was used in this study (experimental or quasiexperimental)?

4. Based on your SPSS output, what was the t-value in this analysis?

5. Based on your SPSS output, state your decision. Would you reject the null hypothesis?

6. Based on your SPSS output, interpret the 95% confidence interval?

Group Statistics

self consciousness

N

Mean

Std. Deviation

Std. Error Mean

participant empathy

high SC

9

27.6667

4.55522

1.51841

low SC

9

22.3333

3.42783

1.14261

Explanation / Answer

1)

self consciousness

2)

measure of empathy

3)

experimental because you need to do experiments ( 2 kind of experiments)

4)

t = 2.807

5)

Yes, because t value is greater than F value

6)

for equal variances assumed

we have that the true mean difference is between those values of the interval and we are 95% confident of that

for equal variances not assumes

is the same only with the values for that variances

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