An article in the American Journal of Cardiology (2003) studied the relationship

Question

An article in the American Journal of Cardiology (2003) studied the relationship between heart rate and variability (a measure of the heart's ability to handle stress) in 102 patients who had recovered from a heart attack, and dog ownership. They discovered that the heart rate variability was higher (which is good) among those who owned a dog than among those who did not.

(a) What was the sample size for this observational study?

(b) Describe the observational units in this study.

(c) Describe two variables that the researchers related to each other in this study.

(d) Can you conclude that dog ownership increases heart rate variability? Why or why not?

Explanation / Answer

a) Sample size= 102 patients

b) An observational study is to calculate the relationship between heart rate and variability in patients who recovered from a heart attack and dog ownership.

c) Heart rate and Variability in heart attack recovered patients and dog owners.

d) An article concluded that heart rate variability was higher on those who owned a dog compare to who did not.

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