Problem #1: Left-Handedness and injury A survey was taken in British Columbia, C

Question

Problem #1: Left-Handedness and injury A survey was taken in British Columbia, Canada, resulting in a sample of 1,896 college students. Of the 180 left handed participants, 93 reported having had at least one injury over the past year. Of the remaining 1,716 who were right handed, 619 reported at least one injury during the same period of time. A 2 by 2 table is presented in Table 1 below Table 1: Injury Prevalence by Dominant Hand among British Columbia College Students No Injury Total At Least One Injury 93 619 712 Dominant Hand Left Right Total 180 1,716 1,896 87 1097 1,184 1) What is the study design of this study (Pick from the five choices in Part 1.)? 2) What about the way this study was conducted tells you that it is the study design that it is? 3) Based on the study design, calculate the most appropriate measure of association (odds ratio, prevalence ratio or relative risk) for this study. Show all steps 4) Was left-handedness a risk factor or protective against injuries in this sample? 5) Precisely interpret the measure of association that you calculated according to the style shown in the notes

Explanation / Answer

1) Ans- This study design is cross-sectional study.

2) Ans- Here, study conceptually begin with a population base.cross-sectional studies we do not follow individuals over time. Instead, we only look at the prevalence of Injury at one moment in time. Cross-sectional studies also differ from cohort studies in the populations that are studied. Cohort studies begin by selecting a population of persons who are at risk of for a specific disease or health outcome; crosssectional studies begin by selecting a sample population and then obtaining data to classify all individuals in the sample as either having or not having the health outcome. so in this data we get that kind of study design or data collection methodology.and in ecologic study outcomes based on populations defined either geographically or temporally.

3) Ans-Prevalence ratio is appropriate measure of assosiation for this study

Consider above table, where we give notation to every cell i.e. a,b,c,d and No ,N1

so to calculate Prevalence ratio,

Prevalence ratio=  (a/N1) / (c/N0)

Prevalence ratio= (93/180)/(619/1716)

Prevalence ratio= 1.4322

4) Ans- Student whose dominant hand is left hand are protective or there risk factor is less than that of students whose dominant hand is right hand.

5)Ans-If the prevalence is the same, the ratio will equal 1.0.then we can say that risk of injury is same for student with dominant hand is left or right.

In this case, a prevalence ratio is 1.4322 so we can be interpreted that the proportion of student have Injury is 1.4322 times greater for student whose Dominant hand is right hand.

Dominant hand At lest one injury no injury total right hand 93 (a) 87 (b) 180 (N1) left hand 619 (c) 1097 (d) 1716 (No) total 712 1184 1896

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