1a. Researchers selected a random sample of 700 medical records of adults aged 3

Question

1a. Researchers selected a random sample of 700 medical records of adults aged 30 - 50 with MS. They also selected a random sample of 2000 medical records of adults in the same age group who received care from the same doctors but didn't have MS. What kind of study is this?

A) Cross-sectional survey

B) Longitudinal cohort

C) Case-control study

D) Unscientifice study with voluntary sample

E) Ancedotal evidence

1b. 30 patients with knee pain were given KT tape and 30 patient with knee pain were given physical therapy. What kind of study is this?

A) Cross-sectional study

B) Case-control study

C) Completely randomized experiment

D) Matched pairs experiment

E) Anecdotal evidence

Explanation / Answer

1a. In case-control study, the experimenter compares patients who have a disease or outcome of interest (cases) with patients who do not have the disease or outcome (controls), and looks back retrospectively to compare how frequently the exposure to a risk factor is present in each group to determine the relationship between the risk factor and the disease. So, here the correct answer is option (C).

1b. In a completely randomized design layout for a hypothetical medical experiment, the experimenter randomly assigns subjects to one of two treatment conditions and relies on randomization to control for the effects of extraneous variables. The experimenter assumes that, on average, extraneous factors will affect treatment conditions equally; so any significant differences between conditions can fairly be attributed to the independent variable. So, the correct answer is option (C).

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