27.34 Do good smells bring good business? Businesses know that customers often r

Question

27.34 Do good smells bring good business? Businesses know that customers often respond to background music. Do they also respond to odors? Nicolas Guéguen and his colleagues studied this question in a small pizza restaurant in France on Saturday evenings in May. On one evening, a relaxing lav- ender odor was spread through the restaurant; on another evening, a stimulating lemon odor; a third evening served as a control, with no odor. The three evenings were comparable in many ways (weather, customer count, and so on), so we are willing to regard the data as independent S from spring Saturday evenings at this restaurant. Table 27.4 contains data on how long (in minutes) customers stayed in the restaurant on each of the three evenings.1s (a) Make an appropriate graph comparing the customer times for each evening. Do any of the distributions show outliers, strong skewness, or other clear deviations from Normality? (b) Do a complete analysis to see whether the groups differ in the average amount of time spent in the restaurant. Follow the four-step process in your work. Did you find anything surprising? RSs ODORS

Explanation / Answer

I use R- software to analysis this because I have not SPSS software which is purchase.

(a) Using Boxplot we can analysis this

LA=c(92,126,114,106,89,137,93,76,98,108,124,105,129,103,107,109,94,105,
     102,108,95,121,109,104,116,88,109,97,101,106)
LE=c(78,104,74,75,112,88,105,97,101,89,88,73,94,63,83,108,91,88,83,
      106,108,60,96,94,56,90,113,97)
NO=c(103,68,79,106,72,121,92,84,72,92,85,69,73,87,109,115,91,84,76,96,
      107,98,92,107,93,118,87,101,75,86)
par(mfrow=c(2,2)) ## combining multiple graph in one window
boxplot(LA, main="Lavender Odor")   
boxplot(LE, main="Lemon Odor")
boxplot(NO, main="No Odor")

There is an outliers in Lavender Odor which is also right skeded whereas Lemon is left skewed and no odor is quite symmetric

summary(LA)
   Min. 1st Qu. Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max.
76.00   97.25 105.50 105.70 109.00 137.00
summary(LE)
   Min. 1st Qu. Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max.
56.00   81.75   90.50   89.79 101.80 113.00
summary(NO)
   Min. 1st Qu. Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max.
68.00   80.25   91.50   91.27 102.50 121.00

(b)

xx=cbind(c(LA,LE,NO), c(rep("Lavender",length(LA)),rep("Lemon",length(LE)),rep("NO",length(NO))))
an=aov(xx[,1]~xx[,2])
summary(an)

            Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)  
xx[, 2]      2   4569 2284.5   10.86 6.3e-05 ***
Residuals   85 17879   210.3                  
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Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

As the p-value is less than the significance level 0.05, we can conclude that there are significant differences between the groups.

There was little difference in spending between the control and lemon-scented evenings, but spending was noticeably higher with the lavender odor.

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