Provide an appropriate response 1. Administrators at a large university want to

Question

Provide an appropriate response 1. Administrators at a large university want to know the average debt incurred by their graduates. Surveys were mailed to 200 graduating seniors asking them to report their total student loan debt. Identify the population, sample, and individuals in the study. Classify the variable as qualitative or quantitative. 2. the colors of book covers on a bookshelf 3. the number of calls received at a company's help desk 4·the bank account numbers of the students in a class 5. the temperatures of cups of coffee served at a restaurant Determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous 6. the number of goals scored in a hockey game 7. the cholesterol levels of a group of adults the day after Thanksgiving Determine the level of measurement of the variable. 8. the musical instrument played by a music student 9. height of a tree 10. the day of the month 11. ranking (first place, second place, etc.) of contestants in a singing competition Determine whether the study depicts an observational study or an experiment. 12. A scientist was studying the effects of a new fertilizer on crop yield. She randomly assigned haif of the plots on a farm to group one and the remaining plots to group two. On the plots in group one, the new fertilizer was used for a year. On the plots in group two, the old fertilizer was used. At the end of the year the average crop yield for the plots in group one was compared with the average crop yield for the plots in group two 13. A researcher obtained a random sample of 100 smokers and a random sample of 100 nonsmokers. After interviewing all 200 participents in the study, the researcher compared the rate of depression among the smokers with the rate of depression among nonsmokers Provide an appropriate response 14. The variable measured in the experiment is called . 15. The otject upon which the response variable is measured is called

Explanation / Answer

1. Population refer to the entire group of individuals or instnaces about whom one wants to learn, hence population in the study refer to graduates. Sample is a representative subset of the population, and sample in the context refer to 200 graduating seniors. Individuals are the people (or object) included in the study, therefore, individuals here is 200 graduating seniors.

2. The variable in question is qualitative in nature as colors of the book can be classified into categories and numbers in each categories can be counted and sizes of categories can be compared.

3. The number of call received is quantitative in nature as apart from classification of calls into categories, mathematical operation scan be performed on them.

4. The bank account number is qualitative in nature, as they can only be classified into categories, but no mathematical operations can be done on them.

5. The variable temperature is quantitative in nature, as apart from classification into categiries, mathematical operations can be performed on them.

6. Discrete variable takes specific values, and continuos variable takes any value within a particular range. Thus, number of goals is discrete variable.

7. Cholesterol level can take any values within a particular range, thus, this is continuous variable.

8. The variable is measured at nominal level, as musical instrument played can only b eclassified into categories and number sin each categories can be counted and sizes of the categories can be compared.

9. The variable is measured at interval level of measurement, as apart from classification of heights into categories, they can be ranked, and difference between two values have same meaning, that is difference between two disntance is always same. Moreoevr, mathematical operations can be performed on them.

10. The variable is measured at interval level, as apart from classification of days into categories (sunday/monday...), they can be ranked (based on odd days, even days), and difference between two values ( 2 to 5=6 to 9)have same meaning, that is difference between two disntance is always same. Moreoevr, mathematical operations can be performed on them.

11. The variable is measured at ordinal level of measurement, where, classification of variable is done into categories and then ranking of categories is done with respect to each other.

12. This is an experiment, as subjects (two halves of a farm plot) were randomly assigned to treatments ( group1-half plot and group2-half plot) and then manipulation of factors (new fertilizer to group1 and old fertilizer to group2) have been employed. Finally rsponses (averag ecrop yiled) of subjects were compared across the groups.

13. This is an observational study, as though random samples were obtained, no manipulation of factors were done.

14. The variable measured in th eexpeiment is called response variable. Response variable is a variable whose values are compared across different treatments.

15. The object upon which the response variable is measured is called treatments. Treatments are combination of different levels of single factor or are made up of combination of levels of two or more factors.

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