Q-1 Explain the concept of solubility in terms of cohesive and adhesive forces –
ID: 3278277 • Letter: Q
Question
Q-1 Explain the concept of solubility in terms of cohesive and adhesive forces – define all terms, and explain how these types of forces influence solubility for a gas and a solid in liquid solution? (Definition of cohesive and adhesive forces, origin of cohesive and adhesive forces, relation between cohesive force vs. adhesive force, and solubility, discussion of cohesive/adhesive interactions in dissolved gas vs. T and P, and discussion of cohesive/adhesive interactions in dissolved solid/liquid vs. T and P.)
Q-2 Compare and contrast the solubility of a solid and a gas in a liquid solvent. What factors influence solubility? What similarities and differences are there between gas and solid solubilities? (Definition of concept, definition of variables affecting solubility, explanation of how gases and solids are affected by changes to each, relation between changes to each and solubility of a gas vs. a solid, and comparison of the similarities and differences therein.)
Q-3 Compare the two systems of classifying reactions – what similarities and differences are there between them? What factors are used to determine what a reaction is classified as according to what atoms do? What different classifications fall under this category? What factors are used to determine what a reaction is classified as according to type? What different classifications fall under this category? (Nature of each classification method, what each focuses on to classify reactions, what similarities and differences exist, and how the two relate, as well as how most reactions can have at least 1 classification from each of the two systems.)
Explanation / Answer
(1) Answer:
(i) cohesive forces: these forces are between the molecules of same substance. Due to these forces, liquids tend to resist the separation between these molecules and they form shperical shapes in stead of spreading. Origin of these forces is the intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonding or Van der waal forces.
(ii) Adhesive forces: These are the forces between two different molecules in different substances. Due to these forces, liquids spread over the surface when they are in contact with such adhesive materials, and process is called wetting. The origin of such forces is mechanical forces or electromagnetic forces between molecules of different substances.
(iii) Solubility with adhesives: If two substances which show adhesion are mixed together, their molecules get attached with the molecules of the other materials and due to this attraction they are highly soluble.
(iv) Solubility with cohesive liquid: the molecules of cohesive liquids are tightly bound bt each other and other molecules cannot easily attac hed to these, hence they have poor solubiluty.
(v) Gas dissolved in adhesive/cohesive liquid V/s T and P: In adhesive liquids, as the T increaes, the bonding between molecules of gas and liquids break and gas becomes free. Hence with T solubility decreases. With increase in pressure, more gas dissolves in liquid. Similarly, with increase in T, molecules of cohesive mixture allow gases to come inside, hence solubility increases. With increase in P, solubility increases in cohesive mixture. Similar in solid/liquids.
(Note: this one question consists of 5 subparts, we are allowed 4 parts of first question only, you may write other parts as separate question.)
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