***I have provided the data below for the problem. I need real help because last
ID: 3264033 • Letter: #
Question
***I have provided the data below for the problem. I need real help because last time I wasnt helped. :/ 7/19/17 ****
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Observation Party Pay Cut? Lobbyists? Term Limits? 1 Democrat 1 0 0 2 Democrat 1 1 0 3 Democrat 0 1 0 4 Democrat 1 0 1 5 Democrat 0 0 0 6 Democrat 0 1 1 7 Democrat 1 0 0 8 Democrat 0 1 0 9 Democrat 1 1 0 10 Democrat 1 0 1 11 Democrat 1 0 1 12 Democrat 1 0 1 13 Democrat 0 0 1 14 Democrat 1 0 1 15 Democrat 1 1 1 16 Democrat 1 0 0 17 Democrat 1 1 0 18 Democrat 1 0 1 19 Democrat 1 1 0 20 Democrat 1 1 1 21 Democrat 0 0 1 22 Democrat 1 0 0 23 Democrat 0 1 0 24 Democrat 0 1 1 25 Democrat 0 1 1 26 Democrat 1 1 1 27 Democrat 1 1 0 28 Democrat 0 1 1 29 Democrat 0 0 0 30 Democrat 1 1 0 31 Democrat 1 0 0 32 Democrat 0 1 1 33 Democrat 1 1 0 34 Democrat 0 1 1 35 Democrat 0 1 0 36 Democrat 1 1 0 37 Independent 0 0 1 38 Independent 0 0 1 39 Independent 1 1 1 40 Independent 1 1 0 41 Independent 0 1 0 42 Independent 0 0 1 43 Independent 1 1 0 44 Independent 0 1 1 45 Independent 1 1 1 46 Independent 0 1 0 47 Independent 1 1 1 48 Independent 1 1 1 49 Independent 0 1 0 50 Independent 0 0 1 51 Independent 1 1 0 52 Independent 1 1 1 53 Independent 1 1 0 54 Independent 1 1 0 55 Independent 0 1 0 56 Republican 1 1 1 57 Republican 1 0 1 58 Republican 1 1 0 59 Republican 1 1 1 60 Republican 0 1 0 61 Republican 1 1 0 62 Republican 1 1 0 63 Republican 1 1 1 64 Republican 1 1 1 65 Republican 1 1 1 66 Republican 1 1 0 67 Republican 1 1 0 68 Republican 1 0 1 69 Republican 1 0 1 70 Republican 1 1 1 71 Republican 0 0 1 72 Republican 0 1 1 73 Republican 1 1 1 74 Republican 0 0 1 75 Republican 0 1 1 76 Republican 1 0 1 77 Republican 1 0 1 78 Republican 1 1 0 79 Republican 1 1 1 80 Republican 1 1 1 81 Republican 1 0 1 82 Republican 1 0 0 83 Republican 0 1 0 84 Republican 1 1 1 85 Republican 1 1 0 86 Republican 1 1 1 87 Republican 1 1 0 88 Republican 1 1 0 89 Republican 1 1 1 90 Republican 1 1 1 91 Republican 1 1 1 92 Republican 1 1 1 93 Republican 1 1 1 94 Republican 1 1 1 95 Republican 1 1 1 96 Republican 1 0 1 97 Republican 1 1 1 98 Republican 1 1 1 99 Republican 1 0 0 100 Republican 1 1 1 BUAD 2070: Assignment on Testing Independence In a study conducted by Zogsby International for the Democrat and Chronicle, more than 700 New Yorkers were polled to determine whether the New York State government works. Respondents surveyed were asked questions involving pay cuts for state legislators, restrictions on lobbyists, and term limits for legislators. The results regarding several proposed reforms had broad support, crossing all demographic and political lines Suppose that a follow up survey of 100 individuals who live in the western regions of New York State was conducted. The party affiliation (Democrat, Independent, Republican) of each individual surveyed was recorded, as well as the responses to the following questions -Should legislative pay be cut for every day the state budget is late? - Should there be more restrictions on lobbyists? - Should there be term limits requiring that legislators serve a fixed number of years? The responses were coded using 1 for a Yes response and 0 for a No response; see the Excel file "NYSurvey" For each of the three questions do the following 1. Construct the contingency table with the observed frequencies concerning "Response" (Yes or No) and "Party Affiliation" (Democrat, Independent, Republican). Compute the sample percentages of Democrats, Independents and Republicans who voted Yes, and compare them. 2. At a 5% significance level, conduct the test of independence of "Response" and "Party Affiliation". Clearly specify the null and alternative hypotheses. Find the contingency table with the expected frequencies concerning "Response" and “Party Affiliation". Compute the value of the test statistic Make your conclusion using the p-value approach or the critical value approach, and interpret your conclusion. Note: The Excel instructions for conducting the test for independence are on pages 513 - 514, but you do not have to use Excel's Pivot-Table approach to construct the contingency tables with the observed and expected frequenciesExplanation / Answer
1.Contingency table :
Republican
Democrat
Independent
Row Total
Pay Cut
39
22
10
71
Lobbyist
34
21
15
70
Term Limits
32
17
10
59
Column total
105
60
35
200
Table giving the sample % :
Republican
Democrat
Independent
Row Total
Pay Cut
19.5
11
5
35.5
Lobbyist
17
10.5
7.5
35
Term Limits
16
8.5
5
29.5
Column total
52.5
30
17.5
100
From this table, we see that Republicans vote YES the most for all the three questions. People accept the paycut more than others.
2. NULL HYPOTHESIS - H0 : Responses and party affiliation are independent.
ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS - Ha : Responses and party affiliation are not independent.
Significance level = 0.05.
Degrees of freedom = (no. of rows - 1) (no. of columns – 1) = (3 – 1)(3 – 1) = 4
Expected frequency = Row total * Column total / TOTAL
Table giving the expected frequencies :
Republican
Democrat
Independent
Pay Cut
37.275
21.3
12.425
Lobbyist
36.75
21
12.25
Term Limits
30.975
17.7
10.325
Chi-square test statistic 2 = (observed – expected)2/expected = 1.4711
Critical value = 20.05;4 = 9.487729
Since 2 < critical value, we accept the null hypothesis and conclude that RESPONSES and PARTY AFFILIATION are independent.
Republican
Democrat
Independent
Row Total
Pay Cut
39
22
10
71
Lobbyist
34
21
15
70
Term Limits
32
17
10
59
Column total
105
60
35
200
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