Question 3 A screening test is used in the same way in two similar populations,
ID: 3263879 • Letter: Q
Question
Question 3
A screening test is used in the same way in two similar populations, but the proportion of false-positive results among those who test positive in population A is higher than that among those who test positive in population B. What is the most likely explanation for this finding?
a)The specificity of the test is higher in population A.
b)The specificity of the test is lower in population A.
c)The prevalence of disease is higher in population A.
d)The prevalence of disease is lower in population A.
0.5 points
Question 4
A large medical center’s oncology program reported an increased number of cases of pancreatic cancer during a certain month. The hospital’s epidemiologist decided to research the problem. Tumor registry records were searched to identify all cases of pancreatic cancer during a five-year period; cancer patients were matched with patients treated for other diseases during the same five-year period. All subjects in the study were questioned about lifestyle factors including alcohol, tea, and coffee consumption. The resulting data are as follows:
DATA
Cancer Patients
Other Patients
Men
Women
Men
Women
LIFESTYLE VARIABLE
Alcohol
185
120
270
260
Tea Drinking
140
110
230
225
Coffee Drinking
190
140
270
240
Note: Total number of male cancer patients = 200.
Total number of female cancer patients = 150.
Total number of male patients (other diseases) = 300.
Total number of female patients (other diseases) = 300.
Does this study have a disease status variable?
Yes, cancer
No
Yes, lifestyle
Yes, sex of patient
Insufficient information to answer the question
0.5 points
Question 5
A large medical center’s oncology program reported an increased number of cases of pancreatic cancer during a certain month. The hospital’s epidemiologist decided to research the problem. Tumor registry records were searched to identify all cases of pancreatic cancer during a five-year period; cancer patients were matched with patients treated for other diseases during the same five-year period. All subjects in the study were questioned about lifestyle factors including alcohol, tea, and coffee consumption. The resulting data are as follows:
DATA
Cancer Patients
Other Patients
Men
Women
Men
Women
LIFESTYLE VARIABLE
Alcohol
185
120
270
260
Tea Drinking
140
110
230
225
Coffee Drinking
190
140
270
240
Note: Total number of male cancer patients = 200.
Total number of female cancer patients = 150.
Total number of male patients (other diseases) = 300.
Total number of female patients (other diseases) = 300.
Which number best approximates risk associated with Tea Drinking in Men?
a)0.92
b)1.37
c)3.50
D)2.51
e)0.71
0.5 points
Question 6
A large medical center’s oncology program reported an increased number of cases of pancreatic cancer during a certain month. The hospital’s epidemiologist decided to research the problem. Tumor registry records were searched to identify all cases of pancreatic cancer during a five-year period; cancer patients were matched with patients treated for other diseases during the same five-year period. All subjects in the study were questioned about lifestyle factors including alcohol, tea, and coffee consumption. The resulting data are as follows:
DATA
Cancer Patients
Other Patients
Men
Women
Men
Women
LIFESTYLE VARIABLE
Alcohol
185
120
270
260
Tea Drinking
140
110
230
225
Coffee Drinking
190
140
270
240
Note: Total number of male cancer patients = 200.
Total number of female cancer patients = 150.
Total number of male patients (other diseases) = 300.
Total number of female patients (other diseases) = 300.
Which number best approximates risk associated with Coffee Drinking in Men?
a)0.63
b)3.50
c)2.11
d)0.94
e)1.02
0.5 points
Question 7
A large medical center’s oncology program reported an increased number of cases of pancreatic cancer during a certain month. The hospital’s epidemiologist decided to research the problem. Tumor registry records were searched to identify all cases of pancreatic cancer during a five-year period; cancer patients were matched with patients treated for other diseases during the same five-year period. All subjects in the study were questioned about lifestyle factors including alcohol, tea, and coffee consumption. The resulting data are as follows:
DATA
Cancer Patients
Other Patients
Men
Women
Men
Women
LIFESTYLE VARIABLE
Alcohol
185
120
270
260
Tea Drinking
140
110
230
225
Coffee Drinking
190
140
270
240
Note: Total number of male cancer patients = 200.
Total number of female cancer patients = 150.
Total number of male patients (other diseases) = 300.
Total number of female patients (other diseases) = 300.
Which factor has the strongest association with cancer for both men and women?
Tea drinking
The factors show no variation in the association
Coffee drinking
Not enough information to determine
Alcohol consumption
0.5 points
Question 8
A large medical center’s oncology program reported an increased number of cases of pancreatic cancer during a certain month. The hospital’s epidemiologist decided to research the problem. Tumor registry records were searched to identify all cases of pancreatic cancer during a five-year period; cancer patients were matched with patients treated for other diseases during the same five-year period. All subjects in the study were questioned about lifestyle factors including alcohol, tea, and coffee consumption. The resulting data are as follows:
DATA
Cancer Patients
Other Patients
Men
Women
Men
Women
LIFESTYLE VARIABLE
Alcohol
185
120
270
260
Tea Drinking
140
110
230
225
Coffee Drinking
190
140
270
240
Note: Total number of male cancer patients = 200.
Total number of female cancer patients = 150.
Total number of male patients (other diseases) = 300.
Total number of female patients (other diseases) = 300.
Which number best approximates risk associated with Tea drinking in Women?
a)3.50
b)0.92
c)1.37
d)0.71
0.5 points
Question 9
A large medical center’s oncology program reported an increased number of cases of pancreatic cancer during a certain month. The hospital’s epidemiologist decided to research the problem. Tumor registry records were searched to identify all cases of pancreatic cancer during a five-year period; cancer patients were matched with patients treated for other diseases during the same five-year period. All subjects in the study were questioned about lifestyle factors including alcohol, tea, and coffee consumption. The resulting data are as follows:
DATA
Cancer Patients
Other Patients
Men
Women
Men
Women
LIFESTYLE VARIABLE
Alcohol
185
120
270
260
Tea Drinking
140
110
230
225
Coffee Drinking
190
140
270
240
Note: Total number of male cancer patients = 200.
Total number of female cancer patients = 150.
Total number of male patients (other diseases) = 300.
Total number of female patients (other diseases) = 300.
Does this study have an exposure status variable?
Insufficient information to answer this question
Yes, disease type
Yes, lifestyle
No
Yes, sex of patient
0.5 points
Question 10
A case-control study is purely a descriptive (as opposed to analytic) study design.
True
False
0.5 points
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Question 3
A screening test is used in the same way in two similar populations, but the proportion of false-positive results among those who test positive in population A is higher than that among those who test positive in population B. What is the most likely explanation for this finding?
a)The specificity of the test is higher in population A.
b)The specificity of the test is lower in population A.
c)The prevalence of disease is higher in population A.
d)The prevalence of disease is lower in population A.
0.5 points
Question 4
A large medical center’s oncology program reported an increased number of cases of pancreatic cancer during a certain month. The hospital’s epidemiologist decided to research the problem. Tumor registry records were searched to identify all cases of pancreatic cancer during a five-year period; cancer patients were matched with patients treated for other diseases during the same five-year period. All subjects in the study were questioned about lifestyle factors including alcohol, tea, and coffee consumption. The resulting data are as follows:
DATA
Cancer Patients
Other Patients
Men
Women
Men
Women
LIFESTYLE VARIABLE
Alcohol
185
120
270
260
Tea Drinking
140
110
230
225
Coffee Drinking
190
140
270
240
Note: Total number of male cancer patients = 200.
Total number of female cancer patients = 150.
Total number of male patients (other diseases) = 300.
Total number of female patients (other diseases) = 300.
Does this study have a disease status variable?
Yes, cancer
No
Yes, lifestyle
Yes, sex of patient
Insufficient information to answer the question
0.5 points
Question 5
A large medical center’s oncology program reported an increased number of cases of pancreatic cancer during a certain month. The hospital’s epidemiologist decided to research the problem. Tumor registry records were searched to identify all cases of pancreatic cancer during a five-year period; cancer patients were matched with patients treated for other diseases during the same five-year period. All subjects in the study were questioned about lifestyle factors including alcohol, tea, and coffee consumption. The resulting data are as follows:
DATA
Cancer Patients
Other Patients
Men
Women
Men
Women
LIFESTYLE VARIABLE
Alcohol
185
120
270
260
Tea Drinking
140
110
230
225
Coffee Drinking
190
140
270
240
Note: Total number of male cancer patients = 200.
Total number of female cancer patients = 150.
Total number of male patients (other diseases) = 300.
Total number of female patients (other diseases) = 300.
Which number best approximates risk associated with Tea Drinking in Men?
a)0.92
b)1.37
c)3.50
D)2.51
e)0.71
0.5 points
Question 6
A large medical center’s oncology program reported an increased number of cases of pancreatic cancer during a certain month. The hospital’s epidemiologist decided to research the problem. Tumor registry records were searched to identify all cases of pancreatic cancer during a five-year period; cancer patients were matched with patients treated for other diseases during the same five-year period. All subjects in the study were questioned about lifestyle factors including alcohol, tea, and coffee consumption. The resulting data are as follows:
DATA
Cancer Patients
Other Patients
Men
Women
Men
Women
LIFESTYLE VARIABLE
Alcohol
185
120
270
260
Tea Drinking
140
110
230
225
Coffee Drinking
190
140
270
240
Note: Total number of male cancer patients = 200.
Total number of female cancer patients = 150.
Total number of male patients (other diseases) = 300.
Total number of female patients (other diseases) = 300.
Which number best approximates risk associated with Coffee Drinking in Men?
a)0.63
b)3.50
c)2.11
d)0.94
e)1.02
0.5 points
Question 7
A large medical center’s oncology program reported an increased number of cases of pancreatic cancer during a certain month. The hospital’s epidemiologist decided to research the problem. Tumor registry records were searched to identify all cases of pancreatic cancer during a five-year period; cancer patients were matched with patients treated for other diseases during the same five-year period. All subjects in the study were questioned about lifestyle factors including alcohol, tea, and coffee consumption. The resulting data are as follows:
DATA
Cancer Patients
Other Patients
Men
Women
Men
Women
LIFESTYLE VARIABLE
Alcohol
185
120
270
260
Tea Drinking
140
110
230
225
Coffee Drinking
190
140
270
240
Note: Total number of male cancer patients = 200.
Total number of female cancer patients = 150.
Total number of male patients (other diseases) = 300.
Total number of female patients (other diseases) = 300.
Which factor has the strongest association with cancer for both men and women?
Tea drinking
The factors show no variation in the association
Coffee drinking
Not enough information to determine
Alcohol consumption
0.5 points
Question 8
A large medical center’s oncology program reported an increased number of cases of pancreatic cancer during a certain month. The hospital’s epidemiologist decided to research the problem. Tumor registry records were searched to identify all cases of pancreatic cancer during a five-year period; cancer patients were matched with patients treated for other diseases during the same five-year period. All subjects in the study were questioned about lifestyle factors including alcohol, tea, and coffee consumption. The resulting data are as follows:
DATA
Cancer Patients
Other Patients
Men
Women
Men
Women
LIFESTYLE VARIABLE
Alcohol
185
120
270
260
Tea Drinking
140
110
230
225
Coffee Drinking
190
140
270
240
Note: Total number of male cancer patients = 200.
Total number of female cancer patients = 150.
Total number of male patients (other diseases) = 300.
Total number of female patients (other diseases) = 300.
Which number best approximates risk associated with Tea drinking in Women?
a)3.50
b)0.92
c)1.37
d)0.71
0.5 points
Question 9
A large medical center’s oncology program reported an increased number of cases of pancreatic cancer during a certain month. The hospital’s epidemiologist decided to research the problem. Tumor registry records were searched to identify all cases of pancreatic cancer during a five-year period; cancer patients were matched with patients treated for other diseases during the same five-year period. All subjects in the study were questioned about lifestyle factors including alcohol, tea, and coffee consumption. The resulting data are as follows:
DATA
Cancer Patients
Other Patients
Men
Women
Men
Women
LIFESTYLE VARIABLE
Alcohol
185
120
270
260
Tea Drinking
140
110
230
225
Coffee Drinking
190
140
270
240
Note: Total number of male cancer patients = 200.
Total number of female cancer patients = 150.
Total number of male patients (other diseases) = 300.
Total number of female patients (other diseases) = 300.
Does this study have an exposure status variable?
Insufficient information to answer this question
Yes, disease type
Yes, lifestyle
No
Yes, sex of patient
0.5 points
Question 10
A case-control study is purely a descriptive (as opposed to analytic) study design.
True
False
0.5 points
Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to save all answers.
Explanation / Answer
Answer 3) right answer is option d
The prevailance of the disease is lower in population A
Reason: By definition the proportion of false-positive results among those who test positive is 1 minus the positive predictive value. If this number is higher in population A, then population A has a lower positive predictive value. As the disease prevalence decreases, the positive predictive value decreases. Population A has a lower positive predictive value; therefore, the disease must be less prevalent in population A.
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