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Do the data indicate that anxiety levels about the field of Statistics decreases after students take Introductory Statistics? Test an appropriate hypothesis. Assume conditions have been met and that µd = post - pre-

Hypotheses:

H0: µd=0; The mean difference in anxiety levels is zero.

H0: µd Blank 1 (<, >, not equal to) 0; The mean difference in anxiety levels is Blank 2 (greater than, less than, different than) zero.

Calculations: Type each value EXACTLY as they are given in StatCrunch

Mean: Blank 3

Std. Err.: Blank 4

DF: Blank 5

T-Stat: Blank 6

P-value: Blank 7

Conclusion:

Since the P-value is Blank 8 (low, high), we Blank 9 (reject, fail to reject) the null hypothesis. There Blank 10 (is/is not) sufficient evidence to suggest that taking Introductory Statistics classes Blank 11 (increases, reduces, changes) the anxiety level of students.

Explanation / Answer

from above:

H0: µd=0; The mean difference in anxiety levels is zero.

H0: µd<0 The mean difference in anxiety levels is less than 0

Mean: =-1.125

std error =0.2869

DF =15

T stat=-3.9217

p value =0.0007

Since the P-value is low we reject the null hypothesis. There is sufficient evidence to suggest that taking Introductory Statistics classes  reduces the anxiety level of students.

pre post difference(d) 7 4 -3 6 3 -3 9 7 -2 5 3 -2 6 4 -2 7 5 -2 5 4 -1 7 6 -1 6 5 -1 4 3 -1 3 2 -1 2 2 0 1 1 0 3 3 0 4 4 0 2 3 1 mean -1.125 std deviaition 1.1475 sample size 16.0000 std error= std dev/(n)^(1/2) 0.2869 t stat= (d)/std error -3.9217 p value = 0.0007

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