Dr. Parrett is a sports psychologist for a large Southern university. The provos

Question

Dr. Parrett is a sports psychologist for a large Southern university. The provost and chancellor have asked him to examine the relationship between athletic performance and academic stress at the university. For example, is it the case that the most talented athletes experience the greatest concern over their grades? The provost and chancellor have made it clear to Dr. Parrett that they want a large amount of external validity in the study. He has valid and reliable measures of both athletic performance and academic stress. He knows that he does not have the time or the money to study the entire population of interest. 1. What is the population of interest in Dr. Parrett’s study? (1 point)

2. Why does he need to be concerned with external validity/representativeness? (2 points)

3. Describe how Dr. Parrett could conduct the following types of sampling: a. Convenience sample (1 point) b. Simple random sample (1 point) c. Cluster sample (1 point)

4. Of each of the sampling techniques above, which one do you think would lead to the most representative sample and why?

(2 points) Extra Credit (2 points) How do you think they measure concern over their grades? Is this likely a self-report measure or observational measure and why do you think so?

Explanation / Answer

External validity : it is the extent to which the result of the studies can be generalised in the experimental research.

Given that ,Dr. Parrett is a sports psychologist for a large Southern university. The provost and chancellor have asked him to examine the relationship between athletic performance and academic stress at the university. The provost and chancellor have made it clear to Dr. Parrett that they want a large amount of external validity in the study. He has valid and reliable measures of both athletic performance and academic stress. He knows that he does not have the time or the money to study the entire population of interest.

As he works only for southern university , but he has to generalize the conclusion for the whole sports man., as per the external validity. It does mean that the conclusions & measures made by Dr. Parrett should hold for the universe.

1) Population of interest in his study is the related data of all sportsman in the universe.

2) He needs to concern external validity because the conclusion should not hold for specific location by affecting some extraneous variables. It should be generalised.

3) a) convinience sampme : He can collect the data related to some specific sportsman by the observation & experience as per the convinience as per the time & money consraints to avoid hurdls in future.

b) Simple random sample also he can go for to have right conclusions without replacement as it is having equal probabilities of selection.

c) As he has to draw the conclusions by measures for the whole universe , he can apply clusr sampling also to save time, money as well to have accuracy.• It is useful when: (i) A list of elements of the population is not available but it is easy to obtain a list of clusters. (ii) The cost of obtaining observations increases as the distance that separates the elements.

4) cluster sample will be the best as per the purpose & consraint of the study.

5) They measure concern over their grades is an observational measure.

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