You are testing the hypothesis that how much a person enjoys reading will predic

Question

You are testing the hypothesis that how much a person enjoys reading will predict how many books they’ve read. You’re also interested in testing whether enjoyment predicts how many books a person will buy, and that number of books purchased is in fact the direct cause of number of books read. Review the following SPSS output, then answer the questions on the next page.

Step 1.                                                            Coefficientsa

Model

Unstandardized Coefficients

Standardized Coefficients

t

Sig.

B

Std. Error

Beta

1

(Constant)

4.331

.785

5.517

.000

Enjoy Reading

.487

.074

.732

6.625

.000

Step 2.                                                            Coefficientsa

Model

Unstandardized Coefficients

Standardized Coefficients

t

Sig.

B

Std. Error

Beta

1

(Constant)

6.616

2.020

3.274

.002

Enjoy Reading

.982

.189

.644

5.190

.000

Step 3.                                                           Coefficientsa

Model

Unstandardized Coefficients

Standardized Coefficients

t

Sig.

B

Std. Error

Beta

1

(Constant)

3.201

1.990

3.199

.003

Number Books Purchased

.896

.237

.742

6.942

.000

a. Dependent Variable: Number Books Purchased

a. Dependent Variable: Number Books Read

Step 4.                                                          Coefficientsa

Model

Unstandardized Coefficients

Standardized Coefficients

t

Sig.

B

Std. Error

Beta

1

(Constant)

2.973

.765

3.887

.000

Number Books Purchased

.205

.054

.471

3.786

.001

Enjoy Reading

.286

.083

.429

3.452

.001

a. Dependent Variable: Number Books Read

a. Dependent Variable: Number Books Read

1. What are you testing for?

moderation

mediation

2. Which step above shows the direct relationship between and X and Y?

step 1

step 2

step 3

step 4

3. Which step above shows the multiple linear relationship among all variables?

step 1

step 2

step 3

step 4

4. What was the result of this analysis?

full mediation: the effect of X on Y disappeared when controlling for M

partial mediation: controlling for M, the effect of X on Y was significant, but the slope decreased

full moderation: interaction term was significant, but slopes of X and M become non-significant

moderation: slopes of X and M were significant, and the interaction term was also significant

5. If you wanted to test whether reading speed influenced the relationship between enjoyment of books and number of books read, what kind of analysis would you be conducting?

moderation

mediation

6. You run the analysis for 6e above. This is the final Coefficients table. What is your conclusion?

full mediation: the effect of X on Y disappeared when controlling for M

partial mediation: controlling for M, the effect of X on Y was significant, but the slope decreased

full moderation: interaction term was significant, but slopes of X and M become non-significant

moderation: slopes of X and M were significant, and the interaction term was also significant

Step 1.                                                            Coefficientsa

Model

Unstandardized Coefficients

Standardized Coefficients

t

Sig.

B

Std. Error

Beta

1

(Constant)

4.331

.785

5.517

.000

Enjoy Reading

.487

.074

.732

6.625

.000

Step 2.                                                            Coefficientsa

Model

Unstandardized Coefficients

Standardized Coefficients

t

Sig.

B

Std. Error

Beta

1

(Constant)

6.616

2.020

3.274

.002

Enjoy Reading

.982

.189

.644

5.190

.000

Step 3.                                                           Coefficientsa

Model

Unstandardized Coefficients

Standardized Coefficients

t

Sig.

B

Std. Error

Beta

1

(Constant)

3.201

1.990

3.199

.003

Number Books Purchased

.896

.237

.742

6.942

.000

a. Dependent Variable: Number Books Purchased

a. Dependent Variable: Number Books Read

Step 4.                                                          Coefficientsa

Model

Unstandardized Coefficients

Standardized Coefficients

t

Sig.

B

Std. Error

Beta

1

(Constant)

2.973

.765

3.887

.000

Number Books Purchased

.205

.054

.471

3.786

.001

Enjoy Reading

.286

.083

.429

3.452

.001

a. Dependent Variable: Number Books Read

a. Dependent Variable: Number Books Read

Explanation / Answer

1. mediation

2. step 1

3. step 4

4. partial mediation: controlling for M, the effect of X on Y was significant, but the slope decreased

5. moderation

6. partial mediation: controlling for M, the effect of X on Y was significant, but the slope decreased

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