Make sure to show all the steps in your analyses. Clearly label each question an

Question

Make sure to show all the steps in your analyses. Clearly label each question and your answer. When submitting your work, put your papers in order and staple them.

Downs & Abwender (2002) evaluated soccer players and swimmers to determine whether routine blows to the head experienced by soccer players produced long-term neurological deficits. Neurological tests were administered to mature soccer players and swimmers, see the following data:

Swimmers: 10, 8, 7, 9, 13, 7
Soccer Players: 7, 4, 9, 3, 7, 6

a. Perform the appropriate test by hand and evaluate if neurological test scores were significantly different between the soccer players and the swimmers.

b. Now, enter the preceding data into SPSS and perform the same test. (HINT: Compare your results and ensure the outcome was the same!)

Explanation / Answer

Ho:  Swimmers and Soccer players will perform equally well on neurological tests; if there is any       difference the soccer players will do better;   µso µsw

H1: Soccer players will perform less well than swimmers on neurological test as a result of routine blows to their heads.   µso < µsw

The test appropriate here is a onetailed ttest for two independent samples, because the data are measured on an interval / ratio scale; there are two groups, and they are independent of each other.

Variable 1 Variable 2 Mean 9 6 Variance 5.2 4.8 Observations 6 6 Pearson Correlation 0.040032 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 df 5 t Stat 2.371708 P(T<=t) one-tail 0.031909 t Critical one-tail 2.015048 P(T<=t) two-tail 0.063817 t Critical two-tail 2.570582

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