1- Which of the following is true about experimental studies? Check all that app
ID: 3206001 • Letter: 1
Question
1- Which of the following is true about experimental studies? Check all that apply.
A- Experiments might have confounds.
B- Experiments might not be generalizable to external contexts.
C- Experiments look at natural correlations between variables instead of manipulating variables.
D- Experiments use manipulations to illustrate causality.
E- Experiments use random assignment to keep all other variables that are not of interest constant across conditions.
F- Results of experiments are on average for the sample population and are not universal rules.
G- There may be important moderators missing from the results portrayed in the study.
H- There may be important mediators missing from the results portrayed in the study.
Which of the following is true about observational studies? Check all that apply.
A- There may be alternative explanations as to why two variables correlate besides that the first variable causes the second variable.
B- Observational studies look at natural correlations between variables instead of manipulating variables.
C- Observational studies use manipulations to illustrate causality.
D- Observational studies use random assignment to keep all variables that are not of interest constant across conditions.
E- Results of observational studies are on average for the sample population and are not universal rules.
F- There may be important moderators missing from the results portrayed in the study.
G- There may be important mediators missing from the results portrayed in the study.
THESE QUESTIONS HAVE TO BE ANSWERED READING THIS ARTICLE.
http://sunainachugani.com/messydeskcreativemind/
A Messy Desk Encourages a Creative Mind
(This article has more than one study. For this assignment, please refer to the study that discusses desk messiness and creativity. Also, these studies were published at a top journal.)
A Messy Desk Encourages a Creative Mind
(This article has more than one study. For this assignment, please refer to the study that discusses desk messiness and creativity. Also, these studies were published at a top journal.)
1. What type of study is featured in this article?
A- Experimental
B- Observational
2. What is the independent variable (IV) in this study?
A- Number of students in the study
B- Messiness of desk
C- Health of students
D- Creativity
3. What is the dependent variable (DV) in this study?
A- Number of students in the study
B- Messiness of desk
C- Health of students
D- Creativity
4. What is the causal story that the news story is trying to tell (and the story that lay readers will assume, either correctly or incorrectly)?
A- A messy desk will help increase creativity.
B- Students who struggle with creativity should clean their desks.
C- Engaging in creativity makes one's desk messy.
5. Assume the causal story between the IV and the DV that you indicated in #4 above was proven to be true. Which of the following are accurate descriptions of potential moderating variables? Check all that apply.
A- Inspiration: Maybe the items scattered around a messy desk provide some inspiration that sparks creativity.
B- Base Level of Natural Creativity: Maybe consumers who are naturally creative will exhibit higher levels of creativity than consumers who are less naturally creative.
C- Size of Desk: Maybe messiness of a desk only increases creativity when the desk is big enough to give the consumer room to work. Maybe if a desk is small, messiness of the desk will actually decrease creativity compared to a clean desk because the consumer has no room to work.
D- Base Level of Natural Creativity: Maybe consumers who are naturally creative have no time to clean their desks because they are too busy getting creative work done.
E- Freedom: Maybe when a desk is messy, it signals to the consumer that they are in a free environment, which helps creative ideas flow. When the desk is clean, on the other hand, it signals to the consumer that they are in a restrictive and rule-based environment and so it becomes more difficult to be creative.
F- Base Level of Natural Creativity: Maybe consumers who are naturally creative will exhibit the same level of high creativity in a messy or clean desk, and maybe the messiness of a desk increases creativity only for those who are not naturally creative.
6. Assume the causal story between the IV and the DV that you indicated in #4 above was proven to be true. Which of the following are accurate descriptions of potential mediating variables? Check all that apply.
A- Inspiration: Maybe the items scattered around a messy desk provide some inspiration that sparks creativity.
B- Base Level of Natural Creativity: Maybe consumers who are naturally creative will exhibit higher levels of creativity than consumers who are less naturally creative.
C- Size of Desk: Maybe messiness of a desk only increases creativity when the desk is big enough to give the consumer room to work. Maybe if a desk is small, messiness of the desk will actually decrease creativity compared to a clean desk because the consumer has no room to work.
D- Base Level of Natural Creativity: Maybe consumers who are naturally creative have no time to clean their desks because they are too busy getting creative work done.
E- Freedom: Maybe when a desk is messy, it signals to the consumer that they are in a free environment, which helps creative ideas flow. When the desk is clean, on the other hand, it signals to the consumer that they are in a restrictive and rule-based environment and so it becomes more difficult to be creative.
F- Base Level of Natural Creativity: Maybe consumers who are naturally creative will exhibit the same level of high creativity in a messy or clean desk, and maybe the messiness of a desk increases creativity only for those who are not naturally creative.
[Answer this question ONLY if you categorized this study as "Experimental" in #1 above.]
7. One thing to watch out for in experimental studies are experimental confounds. Do you see any serious experimental confounds in this experiment?
A- This was published in a top journal so there are likely no serious confounds.
B- This was NOT published in a top journal and there is NO serious confound.
C- This was NOT published in a top journal and there IS a serious confound. Please explain what the confound is:
____________________________________________
[Answer this question ONLY if you categorized this study as "Observational" in #1 above.]
8. The causal story is only one explanation as to why these variables may be correlated. Which of the following are accurate descriptions of alternative explanations (besides causality) as to why these variables may be correlated? Check all that apply.
A- Mood as Third Explanatory Variable: Maybe when consumers are in a good mood they are more likely to be creative and also are less likely to clean their desks.
B- Spurious Correlation: Maybe the correlation is just a coincidence.
C- Reverse Causality: Maybe consumers who are naturally creative have no time to clean their desks because they are too busy getting creative work done.
D- Base Level of Natural Creativity as Third Explanatory Variable: Maybe when consumers are just naturally creative, they will do better on tests of creativity and they will have no time to clean their desks.
E- Perfectionism as Third Explanatory Variable: Maybe consumers who are perfectionists are unable to be creative and are more likely to keep their desks neat and clean.
Explanation / Answer
1.A-TRUE because experimental studies are less suspectible to confound because investigator determine who is exposed and who is unexposed.
B-TRUE because if we have external contexts to experiment then it may be complicate our experiment or it difficut to controll the experiment.
C-TRUE-because generally in natural experiment if there is correlation between the variables then it reduce the variablity in the natural experiment if we are deal with controlled experiment.generally natural experiment are takes place in uncontrolled experiment
D-FALSE,E-FALSE F-TRUE,G-TRUE,H-False
2.A-TRUE,B-TRUE,C-FALSE,D-false,E-True,F-False,G-false
3]. 1)observational,2)A-no.of students,3).health of student
4.C.engaging in creativity makes one's desk clean
5.A,B,D,F
6.C
8.A,C,E
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