6. If using SPSS, what is the exact likelihood of obtaining a t-test value at le
ID: 3201000 • Letter: 6
Question
6. If using SPSS, what is the exact likelihood of obtaining a t-test value at least as extreme or as close to the one that was actually observed, assuming that the null hypothesis is true?
7. Which group earned the most money post-treatment?
RESEARCH DESIGNS APPROPRIATE FOR THE INDEPENDENT SAMPLES t TEST Research designs that may utilize the independent samples t-test include the randomized experimental, quasi-experimental, and comparative designs (Gliner, Morgan, & Leech, 2009). The independent variable (the "grouping" variable for the t-test) may be active or attributional. An active independent variable refers to an intervention, treatment, or program. An attributional independent variable refers to a characteristic of the partici- pant, such as gender, diagnosis, or ethnicity. Regardless of the nature of the independent variable, the independent samples t-test only compares two groups at a time. Example 1: Researchers conduct a randomized experimental study where the partici- pants are randomized to either a novel weight loss intervention or a placebo. The number of pounds lost from baseline to post-treatment for both groups is measured. The research question is: "Is there a difference between the two groups in weight lost?" The active independent variable is the weight loss intervention, and the d is number of pounds lost over the treatment span. Null hypothesis: There is no difference between the intervention and the control groups in weight lost. Example 2: Researchers conduct a retrospective comparative descriptive study where a chart review of patients is done to identify patients who recently underwent a colonos- copy. The patients were divided into two groups: those who used statins continuously in the past year, and those who did not. The dependent variable is the number of polyps found during the colonoscopy, and the independent variable is statin use. Her research question is: "Is there a significant difference between the statin users and nonusers in number of colon polyps found?" Null hypothesis: There is no difference between the two groups in number of colon polyps foundExplanation / Answer
Answer:
6. If using SPSS, what is the exact likelihood of obtaining a t-test value at least as extreme or as close to the one that was actually observed, assuming that the null hypothesis is true?
SPSS output.
Group Statistics
Group
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Hours
Treatment
10
27.60
8.644
2.733
Control
10
14.90
4.999
1.581
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for Equality of Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F
Sig.
t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean Difference
Std. Error Difference
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
Lower
Upper
Hours
Equal variances assumed
3.267
.087
4.022
18
.001
12.700
3.158
6.066
19.334
Equal variances not assumed
4.022
14.415
.001
12.700
3.158
5.946
19.454
P value = 0.001
7. Which group earned the most money post-treatment?
Mean value of treatment is 27.60 is higher than control group mean 14.90.
Group Statistics
Group
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Hours
Treatment
10
27.60
8.644
2.733
Control
10
14.90
4.999
1.581
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