Building Phylogenies from Character Matrices The Caminalcules are a hypothetical

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Building Phylogenies from Character Matrices The Caminalcules are a hypothetical family of animals developed by Joseph Camin to illustrate systematic and phylogenetic concepts for educational and research purposes (Sokal 1983). Think of them as a single simulation of the evolutionary processes of diversification and speciation for which we know the “real" phylogeny and have many morphological characters to measure and use to estimate their evolutionary history. Below you will find a character matrix for seven species of Caminalcules (4, 5, 7, 16, 22, 25, and 73) with character states for eight morphological characters (7, 10, 20, 31, 36, 42, 64, 68). Species 73 represents an outgroup and the other species are an ingrqup for which we want to estimate a phylogeny. Char Taxa 5 16 25 73 10 20 31 36 42 64 68 NA 2 2 NA 0 NA NA NA Qutgroup Analysis Use gutgroup analysis to make the most parsimonious cladogram for these species Consult your lecture notes for the procedure for outgroup analysis 1. For each character write out or circle above the derived state(s). How do you know these states are derived? 2. Draw the cladogram. To support your cladogram, draw tick marks on branches to show synapomorphies 3. Was there any ambiguity? Were some characters more useful for making the phylogeny than others?

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