For each of the following, identify the I.V. and D.V., how the variables are ope
ID: 3183343 • Letter: F
Question
For each of the following, identify the I.V. and D.V., how the variables are operationalized, and indicate if the I.V. a subject variable or a manipulated variable. Additionally, tell me about the conclusions, are they valid? Why or why not? B. As a part of a research methods class, a college junior stands on a second-floor overlook watching as other students enter a building alone and in groups. He believes that sunshine makes people happy so he is counting the number of smiles he sees and relating that to whether the sun is shining or not. He only has time to watch students entering the building on MWF at 10:50 – 11:30. He sees, on average, that 20 people are smiling on sunny days and 15 are smiling on cloudy days. He concludes that sunshine causes people to be happier.
Explanation / Answer
Independent Variable is sunshine and dependnet variable is the smiling faces (Yes or No). The sunshine is collected in two levels namely, sunny day, cloudy day. The conclusion of the results are invalid becuase,
1. the conclusion is based on the particular time frame it is not observed on entire day
2. The comparison that are done ie, 20 Vs 15 for sunny days Vs Cloudy days are based on the frequency. Instead of frequency, we need to check the proportions of people smiling on the given days and proper statistical hypothesis has to be tested.
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